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IPBES土地退化与恢复驱动因素审视

郭晓娜 陈睿山 李强 潘真真

郭晓娜, 陈睿山, 李强, 潘真真. IPBES土地退化与恢复驱动因素审视[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, (3): 109-118. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.201941009
引用本文: 郭晓娜, 陈睿山, 李强, 潘真真. IPBES土地退化与恢复驱动因素审视[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, (3): 109-118. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.201941009
GUO Xiaona, CHEN Ruishan, LI Qiang, PAN Zhenzhen. Review of driving factors for land degradation and restoration based on IPBES[J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Natural Sciences), 2020, (3): 109-118. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.201941009
Citation: GUO Xiaona, CHEN Ruishan, LI Qiang, PAN Zhenzhen. Review of driving factors for land degradation and restoration based on IPBES[J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Natural Sciences), 2020, (3): 109-118. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.201941009

IPBES土地退化与恢复驱动因素审视

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.201941009
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1503001); 国家自然科学基金(41771119); 国土资源部岩溶生态系统与石漠化治理重点实验室开放课题
详细信息
    作者简介:

    郭晓娜, 女, 博士研究生, 研究方向为土地利用与人类环境耦合. E-mail: gxn15802376539@sina.cn

    通讯作者:

    陈睿山, 男, 教授, 研究方向为综合自然地理学、土地利用及人类环境耦合. E-mail: chenrsh04@gmail.com

  • 中图分类号: K903

Review of driving factors for land degradation and restoration based on IPBES

  • 摘要: 土地退化是全球性重大生态问题之一, 危及32亿人的福祉, 威胁粮食、水安全, 降低生物多样性, 同时引发地区冲突、大规模人口迁徙和疾病传播, 近年来受到UN、IPBES、IPCC等组织的广泛关注. 理解土地退化的驱动因素是防止土地退化和恢复退化土地的根本. 本文以生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台(IPBES)土地退化与恢复评估报告为基础, 审视了土地退化的驱动因素. 具体包括: 土地退化的直接驱动因素, 即牧场经营, 农田和农林管理, 森林和人工林改造, 非木材自然资源开采, 林火变化, 外来物种引进, 采掘业发展, 以及基础设施建设、工业化、城市化共8类; 间接驱动因素和作用机制, 包括人口、经济、科学知识和技术、制度与管理及文化5大间接驱动因素间的交互作用、情境依赖、非线性剧变和远程耦合式驱动机制. 并指出气候变化也可导致多种类型的土地退化. 最后聚焦我国典型地区土地退化的驱动因素, 并提出相应的防范和应对措施. 对土地退化驱动因素的深入理解, 将为我国“山水林田湖草”土地系统的统筹治理和“美丽中国”建设提供决策支持.
  • 图  1  气候变化背景下土地退化驱动因素分析框架

    Fig.  1  Analysis framework of the driving factors for land degradation under the context of climate change

    图  2  缓变性气候和极端事件

    Fig.  2  Changing climate and extreme events

    表  1  土地退化的直接人为驱动因素[1]

    Tab.  1  Anthropogenic direct drivers of land degradation

    人为直接驱动直接驱动子类土地退化相关范例
    牧场管理牧场面积, 牲畜种类, 放牧率, 轮作制度, 补饲, 灌溉和水资源管理, 草场改良的变化原生植被破碎, 生物多样性丧失, 土壤侵蚀, 土壤板结, 土壤和养分变化, 盐渍化, 径流和水入渗机制变化, 营养物和农药, 入侵物种, 林火变化, 木本侵占
    农田和农林管理农田和农林系统的变化, 包括湿地排水, 作物类型, 轮作或接茬, 土壤管理, 收割和休耕周期, 农业投入, 灌溉原生植被破碎, 土壤侵蚀, 土壤板结, 土壤养分含量变化, 径流和水入渗机制变化, 营养物和农药, 土壤和水盐渍化, 沉积, 水污染, 物种入侵, 林火变化, 大气污染和沉降
    森林和人工林管理管理和种植的森林, 砍伐强度, 轮作制度, 造林技术的变化原生植被破碎, 土壤侵蚀, 土壤板结, 土壤养分变化, 径流和水入渗机制, 营养物和农药, 沉降, 水污染, 物种组成和入侵变化, 地上和地下生物量变化, 碳储量变化, 林火变化
    非木材自然资源开采薪柴砍伐, 狩猎, 采摘野生食物, 饲料, 药品及其他产品物种组成和丰度的变化, 植被结构和地上生物量的变化
    林火变化火灾频率和强度变化, 林火季节性和时间性, 包括灭火物种组成和地上生物量, 土壤侵蚀, 物种入侵, 土壤养分变化, 径流和水入渗机制变化, 营养物和农药
    引进外来物种互花米草入侵、水葫芦的引种物种组成、植被结构、地上生物量的变化, 林火的变化, 疾病和害虫的传播
    采掘业发展矿井类型, 提取和冶炼技术, 污染物排放和废渣处理, 开垦, 空间规划土壤污染与板结, 水污染, 径流变化, 地下水储量变化, 大气污染与沉积
    基础设施建设、
    工业化、城市化
    土地清理, 大坝和水力发电厂、公路、铁路及其他基础设施建设, 灌溉土壤污染与板结, 水污染, 径流变化, 地下水储量变化, 大气污染与沉积
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  土地退化间接驱动[1]

    Tab.  2  Indirect drivers of land degradation

    间接驱动因素间接驱动因素子类
    人口人口增长率, 移民和人口流动, 人口密度, 年龄结构
    经济供需, 贫困, 商业和贸易, 城市化, 工业化, 劳动力市场, 价格, 财政
    科学知识和技术教育, 土著和当地知识, 禁忌, 研发投资, 技术, 创新, 沟通和宣传
    制度与管理国家政策(基于监管和激励), 产权, 习惯法, 认证, 国际协议和公约(贸易, 环境等), 正规机构的能力, 非正规机构(社会资本)
    文化国际视野, 价值观, 宗教, 消费者行为, 饮食
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-03-29
  • 网络出版日期:  2020-05-29
  • 刊出日期:  2020-05-01

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