长江河口北支建闸对减轻盐水入侵的数值模拟

朱建荣; 鲁佩仪; 唐川敏; 陈晴; 吕行行

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.201941017

长江河口北支建闸对减轻盐水入侵的数值模拟

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.201941017

华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室, 上海　200241

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(41676083); 上海市科委重点项目(17DZ1201902); 上海教委高峰学科“岛屿大气与生态”

详细信息

通讯作者:
朱建荣, 男, 教授, 研究方向为河口海洋学. E-mail: jrzhu@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P751
计量
- 文章访问数: 133
- HTML全文浏览量: 189
- PDF下载量: 5
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-05-14
- 网络出版日期: 2020-05-29
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-01

Numerical simulation of saltwater intrusion mitigation by building a sluice in the North Branch of the Changjiang Estuary

State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai　200241, China

摘要

摘要: 枯季长江河口盐水入侵的最大特色是北支盐水倒灌, 它是南支东风西沙、太仓和陈行水库盐水的唯一来源, 也是青草沙水库盐水的主要来源. 考虑潮汐和气候态1月和2月的径流量与风况, 采用已严格验证过的长江河口盐水入侵三维数值模式, 模拟和分析北支上段建闸前后盐水入侵的变化. 模拟结果表明: 在北支上段建闸后, 整个南支全为淡水, 北支盐水倒灌南支的现象消失, 北支上段盐度明显下降; 在东风西沙、太仓和陈行水库取水口盐度接近0; 在青草沙水库取水口盐度大幅下降, 几乎所有时间盐度都低于0.45, 全为淡水. 数值试验中, 闸门的运行方式采用两种方案: 全天落潮流期间开闸、夜里涨潮流期间关闸、白天涨潮流期间开闸, 以及全天落潮流期间开闸、夜里和白天涨潮流期间关闸. 两者的试验结果中南支盐度变化几乎一致, 原因在于前者的运行方式已经使得北支上段盐水入侵大幅减弱, 出现盐度接近0.45的淡水区域; 即使白天涨潮流期间开闸, 其间进入南支的也是淡水, 并且增加了南支向海的总余流. 从数值模拟的结果和闸门运行的成本考虑, 推荐前者的北支建闸运行方案. 北支建闸极大地提高了上海东风西沙、陈行和青草沙水库取水时间, 同样极大地提高了江苏太仓水库的取水时间, 保障了两地的供水安全.
- 长江河口 /
- 盐水入侵 /
- 水源地 /
- 建闸 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: The most prominent feature of saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary is the saltwater spillover from the North Branch into the South Branch during the dry season; the spillover is the only source of saltwater for the Dongfengxisha, Taicang, and Chenhang Reservoirs as well as the main source of saltwater for the Qingcaosha Reservoir. A three dimensional numerical saltwater intrusion model, validated on the Changjiang Estuary, was applied to simulate and analyze salinity variation both during and after construction of the sluice at the upper reaches of the North Branch; the model considered tide, climatic river discharge, and wind in January and February. The simulated results showed that the South Branch is occupied by freshwater, the phenomenon of saltwater spillover from the North Branch vanishes and the salinity in the upper reaches of the North Branch decreases substantially after building the sluice. The salinity at the water intakes of the Dongfengxisha, Taicang, and Chenhang Reservoirs approaches 0. The salinity at the water intake of the Qingcaosha Reservoir decreases significantly and is less than 0.45 and there is freshwater at all time. The operation of the sluice in the numerical experiments is adopted in two ways. One is open during ebb current, closed during flood current in the daytime, and open during flood current in the nighttime. The other is open during ebb current and closed during flood current in the daytime and nighttime. The salinity variations in the South Branch with the two operational schemes are nearly identical. This can be attributed to the fact that the saltwater intrusion in the upper reaches of the North Branch is substantially reduced by the former sluice operational scheme, and a freshwater area with salinity approaching 0.45 appears. Even though the sluice is open during day flood current, the water entering the South Branch is freshwater and the total seaward residual current in the South Branch is enhanced. Considering the numerical simulation results and operation costs, the former sluice operational scheme is recommended. The water intake time is significantly improved, not only for the Dongfengxisha, Chenhang, and Qingcaosha Reservoirs in Shanghai, but also for the Taicang Reservoir in Jiangsu; moreover, security in water supply is ensured for both places.
- Changjiang Estuary /
- saltwater intrusion /
- water sources /
- building sluice /
- numerical simulation

HTML全文

图 1 长江口形势图

注: 图中标注了水库和北支上段闸门位置

Fig. 1 Map of the Changjiang Estuary

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 模式计算区域及网格(a), 南北支分汊口(b)和南支下段局部放大网格(c)

Fig. 2 Model domain and grids (a), enlarged views of the model grid at the bifurcation between the North Branch and South Branch (b), and in the lower reaches of the South Branch (c)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 大潮涨憩(左侧)和落憩(右侧)时刻垂向平均盐度分布

注: 图(a)和(b)为数值试验1, 图(c)和(d)为数值试验2, 图(e)和(f)为数值试验3; 红色等值线为盐度0.45(饮用水盐度标准)

Fig. 3 Distribution of vertically averaged salinity at the flood slack (left panel) and ebb slack (right panel) during spring tide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 南北支上段放大的大潮涨憩(左侧)和落憩(右侧)时刻垂向平均盐度分布

注: 图(a)和(b)为数值试验1, 图(c)和(d)为数值试验2, 图(e)和(f)为数值试验3

Fig. 4 Enlarged views of the distribution of vertically averaged salinity at the flood slack (left panel) and ebb slack (right panel) during spring tide at the bifurcation between the North Branch and South Branch

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 小潮涨憩(左侧)和落憩(右侧)时刻垂向平均盐度分布

注: 图(a)和(b)为数值试验1, 图(c)和(d)为数值试验2, 图(e)和(f)为数值试验3

Fig. 5 Distribution of vertically averaged salinity at the flood slack (left panel) and ebb slack (right panel) during neap tide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 南北支上段放大的小潮涨憩(左侧)和落憩(右侧)时刻垂向平均盐度分布

注: 图(a)和(b)为数值试验1, 图(c)和(d)为数值试验2, 图(e)和(f)为数值试验3

Fig. 6 Enlarged views of the dustribution of vertically averaged salinity at the flood slack (left panel) and ebb slack (right panel) during neap tide at the bifurcation between the North Branch and South Branch

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 青草沙水库取水口水位随时间的变化(a); 东风西沙水库(b)、太仓水库(c)、陈行水库(d)和青草沙水库(e)表层盐度随时间的变化

注: 黑线为数值试验1, 红线为数值试验2, 绿线为数值试验3, 红色虚线为盐度0.45(饮用水盐度标准)

Fig. 7 Temporal variation of water elevation at the water intake of the Qingcaosha Reservoir (a); temporal variation of surface salinity at the water intake of the Dongfengxisha Reservoir (b). Taicang Reservoir (c), Chenhang Reservoir (d), and Qingcaosha Reservoir (e)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(33)

[1]	陆忠民, 关许为, 吴彩娥. 上海长江水源地规划与建设 [J]. 河海大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 38(s2): 33-35.
[2]	沈焕庭, 茅志昌, 朱建荣. 长江河口盐水入侵 [M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2003: 15-74.
[3]	宋志尧, 茅丽华. 长江口盐水入侵研究 [J]. 水资源保护, 2002(3): 27-30. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6933.2002.03.009.
[4]	WU H, ZHU J, CHEN B, et al. Quantitative relationship of runoff and tide to saltwater spilling over from the North Branch in the Changjiang Estuary: A numerical study [J]. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 2006, 69(1/2): 125-132.
[5]	QIU C, ZHU J R. Influence of seasonal runoff regulation by the Three Gorges Reservoir on saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang River Estuary [J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2013, 71: 16-26. DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2013.09.024.
[6]	罗小峰, 陈志昌. 径流和潮汐对长江口盐水入侵影响数值模拟研究 [J]. 海岸工程, 2005, 24(3): 1-6. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-3682.2005.03.001.
[7]	李路. 长江河口盐水入侵时空变化特征和机理 [D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2011.
[8]	LI L, ZHU J R, WU H. Impacts of wind stress on saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary [J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2012, 55(7): 1178-1192. DOI: 10.1007/s11430-011-4311-1.
[9]	LI L, ZHU J, WU H, et al. Lateral saltwater intrusion in the North Channel of the Changjiang Estuary [J]. Estuaries and Coasts, 2014, 37(1): 36-55. DOI: 10.1007/s12237-013-9669-1.
[10]	ZHU J, DING P, ZHANG L, et al. Influence of the deep waterway project on the Changjiang Estuary [M]// WOLANSKI E. The environment in Asia Pacific harbours. Dordrecht, South Holland: Springer, 2006: 79-92.
[11]	杨桂山, 朱季文. 全球海平面上升对长江口盐水入侵的影响研究 [J]. 中国科学, 1993(1): 69-76.
[12]	QIU C, ZHU J. Assessing the influence of sea level rise on salt transport processes and estuarine circulation in the Changjiang River Estuary [J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 2015, 31(3): 661-670.
[13]	韩乃斌. 长江口南支河段氯度变化分析 [J]. 水利水运工程学报, 1983(1): 77-84.
[14]	茅志昌, 沈焕庭, 姚运达. 长江口南支南岸水域盐水入侵来源分析 [J]. 海洋通报, 1993(3): 17-25.
[15]	徐建益, 袁建忠. 长江口南支河段盐水入侵规律的研究 [J]. 水文, 1994(5): 1-6.
[16]	茅志昌, 沈焕庭, 肖成猷. 长江口北支盐水倒灌南支对青草沙水源地的影响 [J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2001, 32(1): 58-66. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:0029-814X.2001.01.010.
[17]	顾玉亮, 吴守培, 乐勤. 北支盐水入侵对长江口水源地影响研究 [J]. 人民长江, 2003, 34(4): 1-3. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4179.2003.04.001.
[18]	王国峰, 乐勤. 长江口北支盐水入侵对陈行水库取水口的影响 [J]. 交通与港航, 2003, 17(4): 21-22. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-599X.2003.04.008.
[19]	朱建荣, 吴辉, 顾玉亮. 长江河口北支倒灌盐通量数值分析 [J]. 海洋学研究, 2011(3): 1-7. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2011.03.002.
[20]	LYU H, ZHU J. Impact of the bottom drag coefficient on saltwater intrusion in the extremely shallow estuary [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2018, 557: 838-850. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.01.010.
[21]	朱建荣, 鲍道阳. 近60年来长江河口河势变化及其对水动力和盐水入侵的影响I: 河势变化 [J]. 海洋学报, 2016, 38(12): 11-22.
[22]	鲍道阳, 朱建荣. 近60年来长江河口河势变化及其对水动力和盐水入侵的影响II: 水动力 [J]. 海洋学报, 2017, 39(2): 1-15.
[23]	鲍道阳, 朱建荣. 近60年来长江河口河势变化及其对水动力和盐水入侵的影响III: 盐水入侵 [J]. 海洋学报, 2017, 39(4): 1-14.
[24]	吴辉, 朱建荣. 长江河口北支倒灌盐水输送机制分析 [J]. 海洋学报(中文版), 2007, 29(1): 17-25.
[25]	朱建荣, 吴辉, 李路, 等. 极端干旱水文年(2006)中长江河口的盐水入侵 [J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2010(4): 1-6.
[26]	王绍祥, 朱建荣. 不同潮型和风况下青草沙水库取水口盐水入侵来源 [J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2015(4): 65-76.
[27]	朱建荣, 顾玉亮, 吴辉. 长江河口青草沙水库最长连续不宜取水天数 [J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2013, 44(5): 1138-1145.
[28]	朱建荣, 吴辉. 长江河口东风西沙水库最长连续不宜取水天数数值模拟 [J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 28(5): 1-8.
[29]	BLUMERG A F, MELLOR G L. A description of a three-dimensional coastal ocean circulation model [J]. Three-dimensional coastal ocean models, 1987(4): 1-16.
[30]	BLUMBERG A F. A primer for ECOM-si [R]. Technical report of HydroQual, 1994: 66.
[31]	CHEN C, ZHU J, ZHENG L, et al. A non-orthogonal primitive equation coastal ocean circulation model: application to Lake Superior [J]. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 2004, 30: 41-54. DOI: 10.1016/S0380-1330(4)70376-7.
[32]	WU H, ZHU J. Advection scheme with 3rd high-order spatial interpolation at the middle temporal level and its application to saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary [J]. Ocean Modelling, 2010, 33(1/2): 33-51.
[33]	海洋图集编委会. 渤海、黄海、东海海洋图集(水文) [G]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1992: 13-168.