城市黑臭河道富营养化次生灾害形成机制及其控制对策思考

曹承进; 陈振楼; 黄民生

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2015.02.002

城市黑臭河道富营养化次生灾害形成机制及其控制对策思考

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2015.02.002

曹承进^1,2,
陈振楼³,
黄民生^1,2, ,

1.
华东师范大学上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室, 上海200062;
2.
华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海200062;
3.
华东师范大学地理科学学院, 上海200062

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金（41001347）;国家科技重大专项（2009ZX07317006，2014ZX07101012）;中国博士后科学基金及其特别资助（20100470759，201104245）;上海市博士后科研资助计划（10R21412300）;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金;上海市教委产学研项目（14cxy09）

详细信息

作者简介:
曹承进，男，博士，讲师，主要研究方向水体污染控制与修复，城市水资源与水环境. E-mail：caochengqiao@126.com.

通讯作者:
黄民生，男，教授，博士生导师

中图分类号: X52
计量
- 文章访问数: 1191
- HTML全文浏览量: 74
- PDF下载量: 1735
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-07-29
- 刊出日期: 2015-03-25

Study on formation mechanism, and control and preventive measures of eutrophication secondary disasters in urban malodorous back river

1.
Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and EcoRestoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China;
2.
School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China;
3.
School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China

摘要

摘要: 对城市河道黑臭污染的形成及其治理、富营养化次生灾害表现形式、形成机制以及预防和控制对策等方面进行了总结和研究.结果表明，随着城市黑臭河道相应污染治理工程、措施的实施，河道水体污染负荷得到了大大消减、水质得到了一定的改善、黑臭也逐步好转，但营养盐仍处于相对较高的水平，且可被植物直接利用吸收的营养盐储备充足，同时，黑臭污染的治理使得受损的河道生态系统得到了一定的恢复和重建，当外界环境条件适宜时，极易引起水华暴发、浮萍泛滥、水葫芦疯长、水生植物生物量激增等富营养化次生灾害.对于城市黑臭河道治理后富营养化次生灾害的预防和控制必须以城市黑臭河道污染治理为基础，将其纳入到河道污染整治整体规划中.综合运用上/下行效应理论，应从外源控制、内源治理和修复、整体生态系统恢复等角度进行系统预防和控制.同时也应厘清思路，认识到城市黑臭河道富营养化及其次生灾害的形成是城市黑臭河道污染治理过程中的必经阶段，城市河道水环境治理应从当前的黑臭等重污染治理向氮磷营养盐控制转变.
- 城市黑臭河道 /
- 富营养化 /
- 水华 /
- 形成机制 /
- 对策思考
Abstract: In this paper, the eutrophication secondary disasters in urban malodorousback river were reviewed from the forming and treatment of malodorousback, and the disaster forms and control and preventive measures. The results indicated that with the implementation of many treatment projects, technologies and measures in pollution control and remediation, pollution load of urban malodorousback river was greatly reduced, water quality had been much improved, and the malodorousback disappeared gradually. All these resulted to the nutrient that can be utilized by plant was at high level, and the damaged ecosystem of urban river was restored and constructed. Once those environmental factors were very suitable, the major outbreak of eutrophication secondary disasters (e.g. algal bloom, Lemna minor L, Eichhorniacrassipes.) could be unavoidable. For its part, the control and preventive measures of eutrophication secondary disasters must be based on the treatment and remediation of malodorousback. In addition, we realized that the outbreak of eutrophication secondary disasters would be an unavoidable stage of the treatment and remediation of malodorousback, and the current focus on pollution control and remediation of urban river should be changed from the severe pollution treatment (e.g. malodorousback) to the nutrient (Nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.) control.
- urban malodorousback rivereutrophicationalgal bloomformation mechanismcontrol and preventive measures /

HTML全文

参考文献(1)

[1]

［1］中华人民共和国环境保护部. 2012中国环境状况公报［R］. 北京: 中华人民共和国环境保护部, 2013.

［2］黄民生, 陈振楼. 城市内河污染治理与生态修复——理论、方法与实践［M］. 北京: 科学出版社. 2010.

［3］钱易. 中国水污染控制对策之我见［J］. 环境保护, 2007, 78: 2023.

［4］钱嫦萍, 王东启, 陈振楼, 等. 生物修复技术在黑臭河道治理中的应用［J］. 水处理技术, 2009, 35(4): 1317.

［5］陈吉宁. 城市水系统的综合管理: 机遇与挑战［J］. 中国建设信息, 2005, 7(S): 34381.

［6］董哲仁. 河流健康的诠释［J］. 水利水电快报, 2007, 28(11): 1719. 

［7］徐祖信. 河流污染治理技术与实践［M］. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2003.

［8］王超, 王沛芳. 城市水生态系统建设与管理［M］. 北京:科学出版社, 2004.

［9］黄民生, 徐亚同, 戚仁海. 苏州河污染支流——绥宁河生物修复试验研究［J］. 上海环境科学, 2003, 22(60): 384389. 

［10 黄燕, 黄民生, 徐亚同, 等. 上海城市河道治理工程简介［J］. 环境工程, 2007, 25(2): 8588.

［11 LI H B, DU L N, ZOU Y, et al. Ecoremediation of branch river in plain rivernet at estuary area ［J］. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2011(10): 10851091.

［12］申欢, 孙亚军, 胡洪营, 等. 滞留型城市景观河道的污染治理［J］. 中国给水排水, 2006, 22(20): 6668.

［13］东方早报. 水葫芦疯狂上海四道防线围堵［EB/OL］.［20131017］.http://www.dfdaily.com/html/3/2013/10/17/1079524.shtml.

［14］人民网. 浮萍泛滥成河道绿色杀手［EB/OL］.［20110719］. http://wz.people.com.cn/GB/184391/185003/15188859.html.

［15］中国上海. 嘉定打捞清理浮萍解决居民困扰［EB/OL］. ［20120612］.http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node2314/node2315/node15343/u21ai625348.html.

［16］金相灿, 屠清英. 湖泊富营养化调查规范［M］.2版. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1990:114132, 292293.

［17］俞志明, 沈志良, 陈亚瞿, 等. 长江口水域富营养化［M］. 北京: 科学出版社. 2011: 110.

［18］曹承进, 郑丙辉, 张佳磊, 等. 三峡水库支流大宁河冬、春季水华调查研究［J］. 环境科学, 2009, 30(12): 34713480.

［19］金相灿. 中国湖泊环境［M］. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1995.

［20］秦伯强, 杨柳燕, 陈非洲, 等. 湖泊富营养化发生机制与控制技术及其应用［M］. 科学通报, 2006, 51(16): 18571865.

［21］秦伯强, 许海, 董百丽. 富营养化湖泊治理的理论与实践［M］. 北京: 高等教育出版社. 2011.

［22］郑丙辉, 曹承进, 张佳磊, 等. 三峡水库支流大宁河水华特征研究［J］. 环境科学, 2009, 30(11): 32183216. 

［23］CAO C, ZHENG B, CHEN Z, et al. Eutrophication and algal blooms in channel type reservoirs: A novel enclosure experiment by changing light intensity［J］. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2011, 23(10): 16601670.

［24］ROHRLACK T, DITTMANN E, HENNING M, et al. Role of microcystins in poisoning and food ingestion inhibition of Daphnia galeata caused by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa ［J］. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1999, 65: 737739.

［25］SMITH V H. Low nitrogen to phosphorus ratios favors dominance by bluegreen algae in lake phytoplankton ［J］. Science, 1983, 221: 669671.

［26］JOBGEN A M, PALM A, MELKONIAN M. Phosphorus removal from eutrophic lakes using periphyton on submerged artificial substrata ［J］. Hydrobiologia, 2004, 528 (13): 123142.

［27］XIE L, XIE P, LI S, et al. The low TN: TP ratio, a cause or a result of Microcystis blooms? ［J］. Water Research, 2003, 37: 20732080.

［28]曹承进. 城市黑臭河道治理共性技术及次生富营养化研究［R］. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2011:172181.

［29]陈玉辉. 典型城市黑臭河道治理后的富营养化分析与预测研究［D］. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2013:5966.

［30]侯文华, 宋关玲, 汪群慧. 浮萍在水体污染治理中的应用［J］. 环境科学研究, 2004, 17(增刊1): 7073.

［31]沈根祥, 胡宏, 沈东升, 等. 浮萍净化氮磷污水生长条件研究［J］. 农业工程学报, 2004, 20(1):284287.

［32]吴雪飞, 刘璐嘉, 马晗, 等. 江苏省夏季浮萍种类及其生长水环境调查［J］. 生态与农村环境学报, 2012, 28(5): 554558.

［33]RAHMANI G N H, STEMBERG S P K. Bioremoval of lead from water using lemna minor ［J］.Bioresource Technology,1999,70(3): 225230.

［34]种云霄, 胡洪营, 钱易. 环境及营养条件对稀脉浮萍和紫背浮萍氮磷含量的影响［J］. 环境科学, 2005, 26(5): 6771. 

［35]REDDY K R, DEBUSK T A. State of the art of utilization of aquatic plants in water pollution control［J］. Water Science and Technology, 1987, 19(10): 6179.

［36]CAICEDO J R, VAN DER STEEN N P, ARCE O, et al. Effect of total ammonia nitrogen concentration and pH on growth rates of duckweed (Spirodelapolyrrihza) ［J］. Water Research, 2003, 34(15): 38293835.

［37]ELSHAFAI S A, ELGOHARY F A, NASR F A, et al. Nutrient recovery from domestic wastewater using a UASBduckweed ponds system［J］. Bioresource Technology, 2007, 98(4): 798807.

［38]SMITH M D, MOELYOWATI I. Duckweed based wastewater treatment (DWWT): Design guide line for hot climates［J］. Water Science and Technology, 2001, 43(11): 291299.

［39]VERMAAT J E, HANIF M K. Performance of common duckweed species (Lemnaceae) and the waterfern Azolla filiculoides on different types of waste water［J］. Water Research, 1998, 32: 25692576.

［40]GABRIEL B, LAURA C, ANA F. Impacts of composite wastewater on a Pampean stream (Argentina) and phytoremediation alternative with Spirodela intermedia Koch (Lemnaceae) growing in batch reactors［J］.Journal of Environmental Management, 2013, 115: 5359.

［41]SHERWOOD C, REED R W, CRITES E, et al. Natural Systems for Waste Management and Treatment［M］. New York: McgrawHill Inc, 1995: 134181.

［42]杨凤辉, 马涛, 陈家宽, 等. 上海黄浦江凤眼莲灾害的发生机理及控制对策初探［J］, 复旦学报:自然科学版2002, 41(6): 599603. 

［43]乐毅全, 郑师章. 凤眼莲根际细菌趋化性研究［J］ . 复旦学报:自然科学版, 1990, 29(3): 313 318.

［44]MOONEY H A. Species without frontiers ［J］. Nature, 1999, 397: 665 666.

［45]MILNERGULLAND E J. Knowing the value of nature ［J］. Nature, 2001, 410: 751752.

［46]高雷, 李博. 入侵植物凤眼莲研究现状及存在的问题［J］. 植物生态学报, 2004, 28(6): 735752.

［47]PUSHPA G S, JOHN C V. Does water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) compensate for simulated defoliation? Implications for effective biocontrol［J］. Biological Control, 2010, 54(1): 3540.

［48]KUMARIA M, TRIPATHIB B D. Effect of aeration and mixed culture of Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinianatanson removal of wastewater pollutants［J］ .Ecological Engineering, 2014, 62: 4853.

［49]胡长伟, 孙占东, 李建龙, 等.凤眼莲在城市重污染河道修复中的应用［J］.环境工程学报,2007,1(12): 5156.

［50]SINHA A K, SINHA R K. Sew age management by aquatic weeds ( water hyacinth and duckweed): Economically viable and ecologically sustainable biomechanical technology［J］. Environ Educ Inf, 2000, 19: 215226.

［51]SAJNSLAK A, BULC T G , VRHOVSEK D. Comparison of nutrient cycling in a surface flow constructed wetland and in a facultative pond treating secondary effluent［J］. Water Sci Technol, 2005, 51: 291298.

［52]谢心义, 张艳茹, 郎业广, 等. 凤眼莲净化污水试验研究［J］. 环境科学, 1984, 5(3): 1518

［53]孙文浩, 俞子文, 余叔文. 城市富营养化水域的生物治理和凤眼莲抑制藻类生长的机理［J］. 环境科学学报, 1989, 9(2): 188195

［54]黄民生, 徐亚同, 陈邦林, 等.丽娃河环境治理与生态恢复工程［J］. 净水技术,2005, 24（6）: 5659.

［55]JONES G J, POPLAWSKI W. Understanding and management of cyanobacterial blooms in subtropical reservoirs of Queensland, Australia［J］. Water Science and Technology, 1998,37(2), 161168.

［56]CATHERINE L , MICHELE A B , DAVID T R, et al. Predicting the vulnerability of reservoirs to poor water quality and cyanobacterial blooms［J］. Water Research, 2010, 44, 44874496.

［57]HARRIS G P. Biogeochemistry of nitrogen and phosphorus in Australian catchments, rivers and estuaries: effects of land use and flow regulation and comparisons with global patterns［J］. Marine and Freshwater Research, 2001,52 (1), 139149.

［58]THOMANN R V, MUELLER J A. Principle of Surface Water Quality Modeling and Control ［M］. New York: Haper& ROV, 1987.

［59]温州市温瑞塘河管委会. 温州市区生态环境功能区规划［R］.浙江温州：［出版者不祥］， 2008a.

［60]温州市温瑞塘河管委会. 温州市城市污水专项规划（1、2、3）［R］. 浙江温州：［出版者不祥］，2008b.

［61]温州市温瑞塘河管委会. 温瑞塘河流历史文化资料汇编［R］. 浙江温州：［出版者不祥］，2008c.

［62]温州市温瑞塘河管委会. 温州市温瑞塘河现有调水工程上游河段控沙方案研究［R］. 浙江温州：［出版者不祥］，2008d.

［63]温州市统计局. 温州统计年鉴（2010版）［M］. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2010.

［64]ANDERSON D M.Turning back the harmful red tide［J］. Nature, 1997,388:513514.

［65]ANDERSON D M , GLIBERT P M , BURKHOLDER J M. Harmful algal blooms andeutrophication: Nutrient sources, composition and consequences［J］. Estuaries, 2002, 25:562584.

［66]BURKHOLDER J M , GLIBERT P M , SKELTON H M. Mixotrophy, a major mode ofnutrition for harmful algal species［J］. Harmful Algae, 2008(8): 7793.

［67]HEISLER J , GLIBERT P M , BURKHOLDER J M , et al. Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: A scientific consensus［J］. Harmful Algae, 2008(8): 313.

［68]CARLSON C A. Production and removal processes ［M］//HANSELL D A , CARLSON C A. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter. San Diego, CA :Academic Press, 2002: 91151.

［69]GLIBERT P M , BURKHOLDER J M. The complex relationships between increasingfertilization of the Earth, coastal eutrophication, and HAB proliferation［M］//GRANLI E , TURNER J. The Ecology of Harmful Algae. New York : SpringerVerlag ,2006: 341354.

［70]黄民生,曹承进.城市河道污染控制——水质改善与生态修复［J］.建设科技,2011,19: 4345.

［71]赵丰, 张勇, 黄民生,等. 水生植物浮床对城市污染水体的净化效果研究［J］. 华东师范大学:自然科学版, 2011, 11（6）: 5764.

［72]程庆霖,何岩, 黄民生. 城市黑臭河道治理方法的研究进展［J］. 上海化工, 2011, 36(2): 2531.

［73]赵丰,宋英伟, 黄民生, 等. 城市景观河道生境改善技术研究与应用进展［J］. 净水技术2008,27（4）:1618.

［74]黄民生, 徐亚同, 戚仁海. 苏州河污染支流——绥宁河生物修复试验研究［J］. 上海环境科学, 2003, 22（6）: 384389.

［75]徐亚同, 何国富, 黄民生,等. 梦清园景观水体生态净化系统示范工程研究［J］. 华东师范大学:自然科学版,2006, 11（6）: 8490.

［76]JOBGEN A M, PALM A, MELKONIAN M. Phosphorus removal from eutrophic lakes using periphyton on submerged artificial substrata ［J］. Hydrobiologia, 2004, 528 (13): 123142.

［77]SHAPIRO J, LAMARRA V, LYNCH M. Biomanipulation: an ecosystem approach to lake restoration［C］//BREZONIK P L, FOX J L. Proceedings of a symposium on water quality management through biological control. USA University Florida Gainesville, 1975: 8569.

［78]DRENNER R, HAMBRIGHT D. Review: Biomanipulation of fish assemblages as a lake restoration technique ［J］. Arch Hydrobiol , 1999, 146: 129165.

［79]XIE P, LIU J K. Practical success of biomanipulation using filterfeeding fish to control cyanobacterial blooms ［J］. The Scientific World, 2001(1): 337356.

［80]SIGEE D C, GLENN R, ANFREWS M J, et al. Biological control of cyanobacteria: Principles and possibilities ［J］. Hydrobiologia, 395/396: 161172.

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计