Structural differences of wintering forest bird from four habitats in Shilihetang, Guizhou Province
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摘要: 为了探究贵州省安龙十里荷塘林鸟的分布情况, 2013-2015年的1月采用样线法对研究区域的村寨、树林、农田和蔬菜地4种生境中的林鸟进行调查.共记录到鸟类56种1 193只, 隶属7目22科.不同生境样线之间鸟类数量平均值排序从大到小依次为:村寨、树林、农田和蔬菜地. Michaelis-Menten fit模型显示, 鸟类物种累计从高到低依次为:树林、村寨、农田和蔬菜地. 4种生境中均为食虫鸟类种类最多.树林的多样性指数、优势度和均匀度指数均最高, 农田的均最低.鸟类群落的Sørensen相似性系数在村寨-树林生境间最高; Morisita-Horn相似性系数在村寨-农田和蔬菜地-农田生境之间并列最高.食物资源和植被结构是影响该区域冬季林鸟分布的重要因素.建议增加树林生境中乔木的种类, 禁止捕杀鸟类活动, 并提倡在当地建立鸟类保护站.Abstract: In order to explore the distribution of forest birds in Shilihetang of Anlong in Guizhou Province, bird surveys were carried out from four habitats of village, forest, farmland and vegetable land in January between 2013 and 2015 using the method of line transect. A total of 56 avian species and 1 193 individuals was recorded, which belonged to 22 families and 7 orders. The mean avian abundance in the line transects decreased from village to forest, farmland and vegetable land. The accumulative avian species decreased from forest to village, farmland and vegetable land. Insectivores were the richest in each of the four habitats. Shannon-wiener index, predominant index and species evenness were all the highest in the forest, and lowest in farmland. Sørensen similarity was highest in the village-forest, and Morisita-Horn similarity was highest both in village-farmland and vegetable land-farmland. Food resource and vegetable structure are important factors influencing the distribution of wintering forest birds in the study area. We suggest that arbor species should be increased in the forest, bird killing activity should be forbidden, and a conservation station should be set up for bird protection.
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Key words:
- avian community /
- habitat selection /
- biodiversity /
- similarity /
- environmental factor /
- Karst ecosystem
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表 1 十里荷塘林鸟调查4种生境的特征
Tab. 1 Characteristics about the four habitats of forest bird in Shilihetang
生境类型 样线生境特征 村寨 房前屋后有小溪流、有高大的乔木和少量的灌木丛, 乔木种类主要有垂柳(Salix babylonica)、枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera)、榆(Ulmus pumila)、侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)、少量的桃(Amyg-dalus persica)、李(Prunus cerasifera) 和梨(Pyrus pyrifolia) 等 蔬菜地 冬季的蔬菜有大白菜(Brassica pekinensis)、葱(Allium fistulosum)、蒜(Allium sativum) 和枸杞菜(Lycium chinenser) 等 农田树林 植被类型主要为枯萎的玉米(Zea mays) 梗、烟(Nicotiana tabacum) 和0.5 $\sim $ 1m高度的多种杂草斑块分布的人工林主要为松柏类针叶林, 高度4 $\sim $ 7m.灌木百分比较高, 种类主要有火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana)、花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)、毛叶木姜子(Litsea mollis) 和红山茶(Camellia Kweichowensis) 等 表 2 十里荷塘不同生境中不同食性林鸟种类与数量
Tab. 2 Forest bird species richness and abundance with different diet guild from different habitats in Shilihetang
食性 平均数量/只 种类/种 村寨(n=13) 蔬菜地(n=13) 农田(n=14) 树林(n=18) 村寨(n=13) 蔬菜地(n=13) 农田(n=14) 树林(n=18) O 7.69 5.46 6.71 5.44 8 3 6 13 I 11.31 2.54 2.71 9.56 16 9 12 15 GI 11.38 2.00 9.07 1.50 3 4 4 4 G 2.31 0.38 0.93 1.72 5 3 3 4 FI 0.69 0.08 0 0.89 2 1 0 2 C 0 0 0.21 0.22 0 0 2 2 注: $n$ 为样线条数. FI为食果食虫鸟类; GI为食谷食虫鸟类;I为食虫鸟类; G为食谷鸟类; O为杂食鸟类; C为食肉鸟类 表 3 十里荷塘冬季鸟类群落结构主要参数
Tab. 3 The major parameters of avian communities in Shilihetang in winter
鸟类群落 多样性指数( $H'$ ) 优势度( $C$ ) 均匀度( $J$ ) 村寨 2.64 0.87 0.75 蔬菜地 2.36 0.85 0.79 农田 2.25 0.81 0.68 树林 3.14 0.94 0.85 表 4 生境间鸟类的Sørensen (粗体) 和Morisita-Horn (斜体) 相似性
Tab. 4 Sørensen's similarity index (bold) and Morisita-Horn's index (italics) of avian community between habitats
村寨 蔬菜地 农田 树林 村寨 0.22 0.23 0.38 蔬菜地 0.31 0.34 0.20 农田 0.74 0.74 0.27 树林 0.55 0.16 0.20 -
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