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摘要: Cypridopsis vidua是少数能在重污染水体中生存的介形类之一.本文采用急性毒性实验方法，研究了Cd2+对介形类 C.vidua及其肠壁结构的影响，结果表明，24、48、72和96h时Cd2+对 C.vidua的半致死浓度（ LC50）分别为5.00、2.01、0.46和0.14 mg/L，安全浓度为0.014 mg/L.在急性毒性试验的基础上，于安全浓度上下分别设置了两个Cd2+实验浓度对介形类进行攻毒研究，目的是进一步探讨在安全浓度附近，Cd2+对 C.vidua肠壁细胞的损伤情况，实验持续7 d.显微结果显示，在安全浓度以下时， C.vidua的胃肠道结构基本没有受到损伤，但超过安全浓度后， C.vidua的胃肠道结构损伤程度于96h以内表现出了一定的时间和剂量效应，但至第7天时部分幸存下来的 C.vidua其受损胃肠道结构出现一定程度的恢复，但已无法恢复到最初的状态了；亚显微切片显示，肠壁细胞的膜结构、胞质、胞器等均有不同程度的损伤，且随镉离子浓度的升高损伤明显加剧，其中细胞的膜结构损伤尤为严重.Abstract: Cypridopsis vidua is one of the few ostracods which can surrive from heavy pollution water. The toxic effects of Cd2+ on C. vidua and its intestinal ultrastructure were examined using a static renewal system. The LC50 values for cadmium in C. vidua were 5.00, 2.01, 0.46 and 0.14 mg/L at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h exposure respectively, and the safe concentration of Cd2+ for long-term C. vidua survival was less than 0.014 mg/L. To observe the structure changes of its intestinal, four Cd2+ concentrations were set up, and two of them were below the safe concentration of Cd2+ (0.001 and 0.004 mg/L) and the other concentrations were above its safe concentration (0.016 and 0.064 mg/L). The experiment lasted for 7 days. When microstructure of C. vidua was observed, the gastrointestinal orga-nization was not damaged below the safe concentration; while the degree of injury showed a certain amount of time and dose effects in 24-72 hours above the safe concentration, and some structures among those surviving animals were slightly recovered in 7 days under same concentration. Sub-microscopic analysis of intestinal cells of C. vidua in two concentrations (0.004 and 0.064 mg/L) groups showed, different degrees of structure damage were found in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and organelles, which worsened with increasing Cd2+ con-centrations. Among these cellular structures, the damage to the membrane system of the cell was especially serious.
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Key words:
- Ostracoda /
- Cd2+ /
- acute toxicity /
- intestinal ultrastructure
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Fig. 2 Electron micrographs of intestinal cells from C. vidua exposed to no Cd2+ (control) or high Cd2+ (0.064 mg/L)
Note: Samples were isolated at the indicated time points and processed for TEM as described in the experimental section. (A) control; (B) 0.064 mg/L for 24 h; (C) for48 h; (D) for 72 h; (E-F) for 96 h; (G-H) for 7 d. Pa paticle; er endoplasmic reticulum; mi mitochondria; nu nuclear; li liquid droplet; mv microvillus; lu lumen; es plasmodesmus
Fig. 3 Electron micrographs of intestinal cells from C. vidua exposed to no Cd2+ (control) or low Cd2+ (0.004 mg/L)
Note: Samples were isolated at the indicated time points and processed for TEM as described in the experimental section. (A) control; (B) 0.004 mg/L for 24 h; (C) for48 h; (D) for 72 h; (E-F) for 96 h; (G-H) for 7 d. paticle; er endoplasmic reticulum; mi mitochondria; nu nuclear; li liquid droplet; mv microvillus; lu lumen; es plasmodesmus
Tab. 1 Cypridopsis vidua tolerance to water-borne Cd2+
Factor Exposure time/h Regression equation Correlation coefficient ( $R^2$ ) LC50/( ${\rm{mg}} \cdot {{\rm{L}}^{ - 1}}$ ) Safe concentration /( ${\rm{mg}} \cdot {{\rm{L}}^{ - 1}}$ ) Cd2+ 24 y=1.8476 x+1.6878 0.8411 5.00 0.014 48 y=1.9548 x+4.044 0.8257 2.01 72 y=2.8497 x+6.3433 0.8101 0.46 96 y=2.2946 x+10.255 0.6773 0.14 Note: x logarithmic concentration of environmental factors; y probit mortality for C. vidua 
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