Analysis on relationship between mosquito larvae breeding and river water environment in Shanghai
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摘要: 为探究影响河道蚊虫孳生的水环境因素，2012年7月至2013年7月，对上海市7条河道进行蚊幼采集及水质分析，采用模糊聚类法评价河道水质，对蚊幼密度与水质的耦联关系进行相关性分析.结果表明，7条河道中有3条阳性河道，优势蚊种为淡色库蚊.城市河道水体蚊幼孳生的季节为春末夏初，5月蚊幼密度最大.河道蚊幼密度与水中溶解态磷酸盐（DP）呈显著正相关关系（p < 0.01），当河道水体中叶绿素a（Chla）浓度小于80 mg/m3时，蚊幼密度随着Chla浓度的增加而显著增加（p < 0.05）.在合适的水环境背景下，缓流型河道可成为蚊虫潜在的孳生地.Abstract: Monthly data on water quality and larval density were obtained from 7 rivers in Shanghai from July 2012 to July 2013, in order to determine the effects of river water environment on the distribution and abundance of immature mosquitoes. Fuzzy clustering method was used for evaluation of river water quality. Correlation analysis of larval density and water quality was implemented. Results showed that 3 rivers were considered as positive rivers from total 7 rivers. Culex pipiens pallens was the predominant species in the studied regions. High incidence of larvae from urban rivers appeared in late spring-early summer and larval density reached a peak in May. Larval density was positively significant with dissolved phosphate (DP) (p < 0.01). Moreover, larval density increased significantly with the increase of Chla concentration (p < 0.05) when the concentration of chlorophylla (Chla) was lower than 80 mg/m3. Slow-flowing river might be a potential habitat for some mosquito species under the appropriate conditions of water environment.
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Key words:
- river water environment /
- cluster analysis /
- mosquito larvae /
- relationship
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图 1 河道采样点空间分布示意图
Fig. 1 The diagram of spatial distribution of sampling sites in rivers
表 1 城市河道水质参数
Tab. 1 water quality parameters of the study rivers
河道 pH WT/℃ DO/(mg$\cdot $L$^{-1})$ SD/cm NH$_{4}^{+}$-N/(mg$\cdot $L$^{-1})$ DP/(mg$\cdot $L$^{-1})$ COD$_{\rm Cr }$/(mg$\cdot $L$^{-1})$ Chla/(mg$\cdot $m$^{-3})$ 丽娃河 8.14$\pm $0.63 23.75$\pm $5.30 8.37$\pm $5.71 79.16$\pm $15.27 0.56$\pm $1.37 0.14$\pm $0.16 14.14$\pm $6.85 10.69$\pm $4.56 梦清园 7.60$\pm $0.46 24.22$\pm $5.20 3.85$\pm $3.50 35.33$\pm $13.64 3.82$\pm $2.17 0.38$\pm $0.20 29.17$\pm $9.75 23.07$\pm $20.37 工业河 8.25$\pm $0.52 24.37$\pm $6.77 6.52$\pm $7.02 36.43$\pm $9.66 8.31$\pm $2.66 0.71$\pm $0.21 46.47$\pm $18.45 88.93$\pm $66.25 桃浦河 7.73$\pm $0.25 25.78$\pm $5.61 2.32$\pm $2.42 33.64$\pm $5.68 6.95$\pm $1.92 0.45$\pm $0.11 29.21$\pm $6.50 30.01$\pm $21.77 长浜 8.89$\pm $0.81 24.56$\pm $6.34 13.88$\pm $6.23 25.33$\pm $11.21 4.31$\pm $2.82 0.39$\pm $0.25 37.51$\pm $8.99 111.62$\pm $71.04 江河 7.76$\pm $0.14 23.04$\pm $5.86 1.69$\pm $1.57 38.74$\pm $14.86 6.40$\pm $1.83 0.58$\pm $0.24 39.17$\pm $9.71 46.96 樱桃河 7.84$\pm $0.53 24.34$\pm $5.63 5.30$\pm $3.38 39.83$\pm $12.59 0.90$\pm $0.46 0.17$\pm $0.06 18.91$\pm $9.58 11.58$\pm $4.80 
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表 2 河道水质参数与蚊幼密度的相关系数矩阵($N=70$)
Tab. 2 Correlation matrix of larval density and water quality parameters of rivers ($N=70$)
LD pH WT DO SD NH$_{4}^{+}$-N DP COD$_{\rm Cr}$ Chla LD 1 pH $-$0.09 1 WT 0.127 $-$0.184 1 DO $-$0.217 0.846$^{\ast \ast }$ 0.016 1 SD 0.051 $-$0.075 $-$0.116 $-$0.013 1 NH$_{4}^{+}-$N 0.206 $-$0.078 $-$0.022 $-$0.247$^{\ast }$ $-$0.467$^{\ast \ast }$ 1 DP 0.416$^{\ast \ast }$ $-$0.069 0.124 $-$0.232 $-$0.374$^{\ast \ast}$ 0.855$^{\ast \ast }$ 1 COD$_{\rm Cr}$ 0.095 0.137 0.033 0.017 $-$0.506$^{\ast \ast }$ 0.647$^{\ast \ast }$ 0.556$^{\ast \ast }$ 1 Chla 0.119 0.539$^{\ast \ast }$ 0.02 0.464$^{\ast \ast }$ $-$0.389$^{\ast \ast }$ 0.281$^{\ast }$ 0.243$^{\ast }$ 0.570$^{\ast \ast }$ 1 注:*表示在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关, **表示在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关
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表 3 蚊幼孳生高峰期河道水质与蚊幼密度的相关系数矩阵($N=7$)
Tab. 3 Correlation matrix of larval density with water quality during the mosquito}} \centerline{breeding peak ($N=7$)
LD pH WT DO SD NH$_{4}^{+}$-N DP COD$_{\rm Cr}$ Chla LD 1 pH $-$0.064 1 WT $-$0.531 0.458 1 DO $-$0.447 0.865$^{\ast }$ 0.479 1 SD $-$0.057 0.017 $-$0.594 0.089 1 NH$_{4}^{+}$-N 0.341 0.325 0.536 0.072 $-$0.808$^{\ast }$ 1 DP 0.536 0.214 0.213 0.013 $-$0.712 0.909$^{\ast \ast }$ 1 COD$_{\rm Cr}$ 0.186 0.646 0.702 0.350 $-$0.611 0.890$^{\ast \ast }$ 0.683 1 Chla 0.804$^{\ast }$ 0.361 $-$0.083 0.007 $-$0.377 0.738 0.865$^{\ast }$ 0.620 1 注: *表示在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关, **表示在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关
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