Study on the near-field effect of spherical composite antenna arrays in the radio frequency simulation system
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摘要: 射频复合阵列近场效应影响目标信号的测角精度，为了修正目标信号测角精度，提出一种方法：联合全波算法和一致性几何绕射理论，精确计算给定子阵，（三元组），天线在周围同频、异频天线单元存在的环境中发射时，接收天线位置处，（通常位于发射三元组的辐射近场），的电场分布；基于此电场相位分布，应用相位梯度法求出三元组辐射场的等效相位中心，并计算与基于幅度重心公式所得等效波源点位置的偏差，使用推导的辅助修正公式获得修正后的三元组各单元输入功率.计算实例表明：经修正后微波/毫米波三元组约束的三角形区域内最大垂直（俯仰）方向测角精度由1.50/2.37mrad，降低，0.06/0.06 mrad.Abstract: The angular accuracy of target signal is affected by the near-field effect in the radio frequency composite array. This paper presents a new method to solve the problem. The radiation electric field distribution of a three-element sub-array located on the spherical composite antenna arrays at the receiving antenna location, which is usually located in the radiating near-field region, is precisely calculated by an hybrid technique of the full-wave algorithm and uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD), in the case of the three-element array surrounded with its nearby elements working at same and different frequencies. The equivalent phase center of the three-element array is then obtained by the phase gradient algorithm (PGA) based on its phase distribution. The deviation of the equivalent phase center with that derives from the amplitude gravity center equation is calculated, which is used to find the corrected input power for each element antenna of the three-element array. The simulation results for a real composite antenna array system show that the maximum angular accuracy of pitching direction is corrected from 1.50/2.37 milliradian to 0.06/0.06 milliradian on the microwave three-element antenna and millimeter wave three-element antenna.
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图 1 复杂的电磁环境(球面复合阵列局部)
Fig. 1 The complex electromagnetic circumstances (a part of spherical composite array)
图 4 基于幅度重心公式和相位梯度法的相位中心偏差
Fig. 4 The deviation of equivalent phase centers obtained by the amplitude gravity center equation and the phase gradient algorithm respectively
图 6 三元组近场效应修正流程
Fig. 6 The flowchart of three-element array for near-field effect correction
图 8 微波三元组水平方向测角精度变化图( $\theta =0.1$ , 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)
Fig. 8 The variation diagram of horizontal angular accuracy for microwave three-element array ( $\theta =0.1$ , 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)
图 9 微波三元组垂直方向测角精度变化图( $\theta =0.1$ , 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7)
Fig. 9 The variation diagram of vertical angular accuracy for microwave three-element array ( $\theta =0.1$ , 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7)
图 10 微波三元组水平方向测角精度值仿真与实测数据对比( $\theta =0.25$ )
Fig. 10 The comparison of horizontal angular accuracy between simulation and measurement for microwave three-element array ( $\theta =0.25$ )
图 11 微波三元组垂直方向测角精度仿真与实测结果对比( $\psi =0.4$ )
Fig. 11 The comparison of vertical angular accuracy between simulation and measurement for microwave three-element array ( $\psi =0.4$ )
图 12 微波三元组修正前后测角精度对比
Fig. 12 The comparison of angular accuracy before and after the correction for microwave three-element array
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