Experimental study on a new enhanced in-situ denitrification device for upgrading domestic wastewater treatment plants
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摘要: 为了有效强化城镇生活污水厂的脱氮效率，研发了一种新型原位强化脱氮装置——管式生物净水装置（Tubular bio-purification device，TBD），分别以丝瓜络、棕丝、甘蔗渣和化学纤维填料等4种固体材料为TBD的填充基质，通过对比不同基质类型的TBD的强化脱氮性能，得出TBD的最佳填充基质，并结合基质生物膜的高通量测序结果解析其脱氮机理.结果表明，以甘蔗渣为填充基质的TBD对水体中氮素的去除性能明显优于其他基质，其对NH4+-N、NO3--N、NO2--N及TN的平均去除率分别可达72%、64%、97%和82%，经过其净化的水体NH4+-N及TN浓度均可满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918—2002）规定的一级A标准，因此甘蔗渣是TBD的最佳填充基质；填充甘蔗渣的TBD的微生物物种丰度和多样性较高，其Chao1指数为9 743.55、Shannon指数为6.37，其微生物群落结构中反硝化相关菌群占绝对优势（23.75%），并含有一定比例的硝化（7.73%）及厌氧氨氧化（2.0%）相关菌群，表明填充甘蔗渣的TBD内部环境有利于脱氮功能菌群的富集和生长.本研究以期为该装置服务于城镇生活污水厂提标改造过程中强化脱氮的工程化应用提供依据和参数.Abstract: To effectively strengthen the nitrogen removal efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a novel deep denitrification device (Tubular bio-reactor device, TBD) was developed. Four kinds of solid materials (loofah, palm fiber, bagasse, and fibrous fillers) were used as fillers for the TBD. The best filler type was determined by comparing the denitrification performance of TBDs with different fillers. Then, high-throughput sequencing results of the matrix biofilm were used to analyze the denitrification mechanism. The results showed that the best removal rate of nitrogen from water was achieved with the TBD filled with bagasse. For this TBD, the removal rates of NH4+-N, NO3--N, NO2--N and TN were 72%, 64%, 97%, and 82%, respectively, and NH4+-N and TN concentrations both attained Grade 1-A of the Chinese-National discharge standard for WWTPs (GB 18918-2002). TBD filled with bagasse had a high abundance and diversity of microbial species with a Chao1 index of 9 743.55 and a Shannon index of 6.37, and the denitrification-related genus in the microbial community structure was dominant (23.75%). In addition, nitrification (7.73%) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (2.0%) related genera were detected in the biofilm sample. The results suggest that the internal environment of TBD filled with "bagasse" was good for the enrichment and growth of denitrifying-related bacteria. This study was aimed at providing a scientific basis and parameters for TBDs used in engineering applications.
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图 2 4组TBD对NH4+-N (a)、NO3--N (b)、NO2--N (c)、TN (d)的去除性能
Fig. 2 The NH4+-N (a), NO3--N (b), NO2--N (c), TN (d) removal performance of the four TBDs
图 3 T3生物膜样本在属层面上的群落组成
注: 未展示比例小于0.5%的菌属
Fig. 3 Bacterial community composition at the genus level of the biofilm sample from T3
表 1 T1—T4所填充填料的基本理化性质
Tab. 1 Basic physical and chemical properties of the fillers in T1—T4
装置 填料 含水率/% 密度/(g$\cdot$cm$^{-3})$ COD$_{\rm Cr}$溶出速率/(mg$\cdot $L$^{-1}\cdot $d$^{-1})$ TN溶出速率/(mg$\cdot$L$^{-1}\cdot $d$^{-1})$ T1 丝瓜络 1.19 1.13 11.46 0.96 T2 棕丝 1.38 0.73 2.49 0.19 T3 甘蔗渣 2.53 0.43 23.94 1.33 T4 化学纤维填料 - 0.86 1.81 0.08 
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