Analysis of microbial community composition from media used to strengthen total nitrogen removal from an urban river
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摘要: 通过比较3种介体材料（生物炭、毛毡和无纺布）对城市河道总氮削减强化的效果，发现经过84 d的运行，相比空白组，无纺布对总氮的削减强化效果最好，削减率可提升23.4%；其次是毛毡，削减率可提升13.9%；生物炭对总氮削减效果不佳.在此基础上，系统探究了不同介体强化组中的微生物多样性及结构分布特征，表明与空白组相比，无纺布组可以显著增加菌群多样性和丰富度，而且与氮转化相关的变形菌门丰度明显高于毛毡组和生物炭组，特别是一些典型的反硝化菌属Azospirillum、Thiobacillus和Azoarcus的丰度均显著高于其他实验组，而与反硝化菌存在竞争关系的产甲烷菌属Syntrophorhabdus低于空白和生物炭组；毛毡组的微生物菌群结构呈现出与无纺布相似的趋势，但其中的反硝化菌属丰度均低于无纺布组；生物炭组微生物群落组成与空白组最为相似，推测无纺布介体材料具有较好的生物相容性，更有利于挂膜，从而促使反硝化菌属的生长.综合比较，无纺布介体材料更有利于对城市河道总氮的削减.Abstract: We compared the removal rate of total nitrogen in urban rivers with three kinds of media (biochar, felt, and non-woven fabric). After 84 days in operation, it was found that non-woven fabric increased the removal rate of total nitrogen by 23.4% over the control group; felt increased the removal rate of total nitrogen by 13.9% over the control group; and biochar had a poor effect on total nitrogen removal. The microbial diversity and community composition of different media-enhanced groups were then systematically explored; the results showed that non-woven fabric can significantly increase microbial diversity and abundance. Moreover, proteobacteria, which is related to nitrogen conversion, was found to be significantly higher in the non-woven fabric group than the felt and biochar groups, especially the abundance of denitrifying bacteria (Azospirillum, Thiobacillus, and Azoarcus). The abundance of methanogen, which is in competition with the denitrifying bacteria Syntrophorhabdus, was found to be lower in non-woven fabric than in the control and biochar groups. The microbial flora structure of the felt group showed a similar trend to that of the non-woven fabric group, but the abundance of denitrifying bacteria was lower. The microbial community composition of the biochar group was the most similar to that of the control group. It is speculated that non-woven fabric has better biocompatibility than other groups; this is beneficial for biofilm formation and thereby promotes the growth of denitrifying bacteria. In a comprehensive comparison, non-woven media materials are more conducive to the removal of total nitrogen in urban rivers.
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Key words:
- media /
- urban river /
- total nitrogen reduction /
- microbial action
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图 3 城市河道3种介体对总氮强化去除的动态变化(a)和效能比较(b)
Fig. 3 Dynamic changes (a) and performance comparison (b) of total nitrogen removal with three kinds of media in urban rivers
图 4 不同介体强化组细菌门水平群落组成分布特征
Fig. 4 Bacterial community composition at the phylum level in different kinds of media
图 5 不同介体强化组细菌属水平群落组成分布特征
Fig. 5 Bacterial community composition at the gene level in different kinds of media
图 6 不同介体材料下微生物菌种数量的变化及对比
Fig. 6 Changes and comparison of microbial populations in different kinds of media
表 1 上覆水主要水质指标
Tab. 1 Main water quality indicators of overlying water
pH DO/(mg·L-1) COD/(mg·L-1) 氨氮/(mg·L-1) 硝氮/(mg·L-1) 总氮/(mg·L-1) 5~6 5.1~6.0 45.13~55.13 1.08~3.08 3.2~5.2 7.87~9.87 
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表 2 高通量测序及荧光定量所用引物
Tab. 2 Primers used in high-throughput sequencing and real-time PCR analysis
名称 引物 序列($5'\to 3'$) 参考文献 细菌 341F CCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG [3] 806R GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT
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表 3 各试验组微生物丰富度和多样性
Tab. 3 Microbial abundance and diversity of each experimental group
样本名称 Shannon指数 ACE指数 Chao1指数 Simpson 空白组 6.673 093 58 201.724 2 31 434.424 94 0.007 804 毛毡组 6.251 760 64 280.128 7 33 984.331 44 0.009 003 生物炭组 6.291 225 62 804.313 9 32 652.224 69 0.013 037 无纺布组 5.920 693 70 806.397 4 35 626.747 59 0.020 489
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