Larvae breeding conditions of "sponge" in a sponge city and its mechanic analysis: A case study of Chizhou in Anhui Province
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摘要: 海绵城市的建设是为了解决城市水问题，但由于积水，海绵体中可能伴生着蚊幼孳生的风险.为研究海绵体中蚊幼虫孳生现状及其成因，为其蚊害防治提供相关依据，本研究于2017年3月至2017年11月，对池州市典型海绵体进行积水、水质和蚊幼监测.结果表明，池州一中雨水湿塘1（溢流口）中水质较差（劣Ⅴ类），积水时间较长（2~3个月），周边血源充足，天敌缺失，存在蚊幼孳生现象，蚊幼虫密度在2017年6月至8月分别为1.6条/勺、2.2条/勺、1.0条/勺，勺指数为100%、50%和20%，存在一定蚊害风险，需采取相关措施.其余海绵体未发现蚊幼.海绵体建设可能增加蚊虫孳生，因此在海绵体的规划设计及运行维护阶段都需考虑该风险.Abstract: The goal of a sponge city is to solve the water problems faced by a city. However, there may exist risks of larvae breeding owing to the stagnant water in sponges. In order to study the status of larvae breeding and its factors in sponges, as a basis for mosquito prevention and control, this study monitored stagnant water, water quality, and mosquito larvae of typical sponges in Chizhou from March to August of 2017. The results showed that larvae bred in Rain Pond 1 of Chizhou No.1 Middle School because of poor water quality (below Class Ⅴ), extended duration of water retention (2—3 months), adequate blood meal, and the lack of predators; however, larvae were not found in the rest of the sponges. The monthly larvae densities from June to August of 2017 were 1.6, 2.2 and 1.0 per dip, respectively, with 100%, 50%, and 20% dip index, requiring related control management. Accordingly, this risk should be considered in the planning, design, and maintenance stages of a sponge.
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Key words:
- sponge /
- stagnant water /
- larvae breeding /
- water quality
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图 3 2017年池州一中样点积水深度变化
Fig. 3 Water depth of sampling sites at Chizhou No.1 Middle School in 2017
图 4 2017年三台山公园样点积水深度变化
Fig. 4 Water depth of sampling sites at Santaishan Park in 2017
表 1 海绵体水质模糊综合评价
Tab. 1 Fuzzy comprehensive assessments of "sponge" water quality
采样点 水质类别隶属度 水质等级 水质类别 Ⅰ类 Ⅱ类 Ⅲ类 Ⅳ类 Ⅴ类 劣Ⅴ类 池州一中雨水湿塘1(溢流口) 0.033 8 0.195 5 0.130 0 0.217 5 0.000 0 0.423 2 4.924 8 劣Ⅴ 池州一中雨水井2 0.241 0 0.211 6 0.327 9 0.219 5 0.000 0 0.000 0 2.564 1 Ⅲ 三台山公园景观水池 0.231 8 0.165 6 0.137 0 0.309 2 0.156 4 0.000 0 3.043 9 Ⅳ 三台山公园湿塘1 0.265 9 0.291 0 0.145 6 0.297 5 0.000 0 0.000 0 2.480 9 Ⅲ 三台山公园湿塘2 0.359 0 0.359 7 0.281 3 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 1.852 5 Ⅱ 三台山公园湿塘3 0.257 4 0.272 0 0.254 6 0.216 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 2.364 8 Ⅲ 
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表 2 蚊幼孳生状况
Tab. 2 Status of larvae breeding
日期 勺指数/% 蚊幼虫密度(条·勺$^{-1}$) 成蚊率/\%(雌:雄) 2017-06-18 100 1.6 18.75(3:0) 2017-07-14 50 2.2 36.36(3:1) 2017-08-12 20 1.0 0
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表 3 池州一中雨水湿塘1蚊幼孳生期水质状况
Tab. 3 Water conditions of Rain Pond 1 at Chizhou No.1 Middle School during the larval breeding period
日期 DO /(mg·L-1) WT/℃ pH NH3-N/(mg·L-1) TP/(mg·L-1) 水质类别 2017-06-18 5.57 25.7 8.48 0.089 0.057 Ⅲ 2017-08-12 7.56 29.2 7.72 9.44 0.486 劣Ⅴ
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