Analysis of water quality and mosquito larval breeding at the tail water wetland of the Shanghai East Water Purification Plant
-
摘要: 以上海东区水质净化厂尾水深度处理人工湿地池为例，探究其水质等环境因子与蚊幼孳生的关系.使用综合污染指数（P）法及有机污染指数（A）法对2017年5月至11月内湿地池水质进行了评价；使用勺捕法于同期内对湿地池中共14个样点的蚊幼孳生情况进行了监测.分析表明：①上海市东区水质净化厂湿地池水质优于地表水Ⅴ类标准；②淡色库蚊蚊幼密度在水质综合污染指数较高的水中更大，最高可达143.1条/勺；③淡色库蚊蚊幼密度在5月至8月内较高，且随着温度的降低而减少；④淡色库蚊蚊幼密度在可受到阳光直射的区域显著小于长期受遮蔽的区域（p < 0.05）；⑤淡色库蚊蚊幼密度在叶绿素a浓度偏高时较小，过量的浮萍覆盖可抑制蚊幼孳生.Abstract: In this study, a constructed wetland for advanced treatment of tail water at the Shanghai East Water Purification Plant was taken as an example to explore the relationship between environmental factors, such as water quality and mosquito (Culex pipiens pallens) larval breeding. The comprehensive pollution index (P Value) method and organic pollution index (A Value) method were used to evaluate the water quality of wetland from May to November of 2017. The breeding status of mosquito larvae at 14 sample points in the wetland were monitored by the standard dipping method during this period. The subsequent analysis showed that:① The water quality of the wetland was better than Class Ⅴ of the environmental quality standard for surface water; ② The larval density was higher in water whose P Value was equal to or greater than 143.1 per spoon; ③ The larval density was high between May and August and declined with the decrease of temperature; ④ The larval density was significantly lower in areas where the water surface could be exposed to direct sunlight (p < 0.05); and ⑤ The larval density was small when the concentration of Chlorophyll a was high, and excessive duckweed coverage can inhibit mosquito breeding.
-
Key words:
- constructed wetland /
- water quality /
- mosquito larval breeding
-
图 1 东厂湿地池水质及蚊幼监测样点分布
Fig. 1 Sample points at the wetland in the Shanghai East Water Purification Plant
图 3 2017年各点位水质综合污染指数及水质有机污染指数月度变化
Fig. 3 Monthly change of $P$ value and $A$ value at the sample points in 2017
图 4 2017年阳性月及样点蚊幼密度时空分布
Fig. 4 Spatial and temporal distribution of mosquito larval density at positive sample points in positive months in 2017
图 5 2017年各点位水质时空分布聚类分析热图
Fig. 5 Cluster analysis heat map of temporal and spatial distribution of water quality at sample points in 2017
表 1 水质理化指标监测设备或测定方法
Tab. 1 Equipments or methods for measuring physical and chemical indicators of water quality
监测指标 监测设备或监测方法 溶解氧(DO) HACH便携式溶氧仪 总氮(TN) 碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法 氨氮(NH$_{4}^{+}$-N) 纳氏试剂光度法 总磷(TP) 钼酸铵分光光度法 五日生化需氧量(BOD$_{5})$ 稀释接种法(GB 11892-89) 高锰酸盐指数(COD$_{\rm Mn})$ 重铬酸钾法 叶绿素a(Chl a) 分光光度法 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 地表水环境质量标准(Ⅴ类)
Tab. 2 Environmental quality standard of surface water (Class Ⅴ)
指标 范围 TN $\le 2$ NH$_{4}^{+}$ $\le 2$ TP $\le 0.4$ BOD$_{5}$ $\le 10$ COD$_{\rm Mn}$ $\le 15$ DO $\ge 2$
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 综合污染指数水质分级
Tab. 3 Comprehensive pollution index classification
综合污染指数($P$) 水质等级 $P\le $0.8 合格 0.8$ < P\le $1.0 基本合格 1.0$ < P\le$2.0 污染 $P>$2.0 重污染
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 蚊幼阳性率时空分布
Tab. 4 Temporal and spatial distribution of mosquito larval positive rate
样点编号 阳性率/% 2017-05-13 2017-05-27 2017-06-15 2017-07-10 2017-07-26 2017-08-16 2017-08-26 DC4 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 DC5 100 100 90 70 0 0 20 DC6 100 100 100 100 100 90 10 DC9 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 DC11 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 DC12 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 DC13 0 60 10 0 0 0 0 DC14 30 10 0 0 0 0 0
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 秦颂, 包宇飞, 丁京楠, 等.新型组合式人工湿地处理污水厂尾水的试验研究[J].武汉理工大学学报, 2016(5):75-79. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/whgydxxb201605015 [2] 张俊辉, 吴红斌, 张冉.垂直流人工湿地在城镇污水厂尾水深度脱氮除磷中的应用[J].工程建设, 2016(2):70-74. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2206.2016.02.017 [3] 廖冠.垂直流人工湿地在污水厂尾水处理及景观设计中的应用研究[J].轻工科技, 2018(7):98-99. http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=GXQG201807047&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ [4] 谷先坤, 王国祥, 刘波, 等.复合垂直流人工湿地净化污水厂尾水的研究[J].中国给水排水, 2011(3):8-11. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgjsps201103003 [5] 徐承龙, 姜志宽.蚊虫防制(一)——蚊虫的危害与形态分类[J].中华卫生杀虫药械, 2006(4):289-293. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zhwsscyx200604027 [6] RUSSELL R C. Constructed wetlands and mosquitoes:Health hazards and management options-An Australian perspective[J]. Ecological Engineering, 1999, 12(1):107-124. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857498000573 [7] DIEMONT S A W. Mosquito larvae density and pollutant removal in tropical wetland treatment systems in Honduras[J]. Environment International, 2006, 32(3):332-341. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2005.07.001 [8] KNIGHT R L, WALTON W E, MEARA G F, et al. Strategies for effective mosquito control in constructed treatment wetlands[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2003, 21(4/5):211-232. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=5ba7d15fbb5d89d536d03af349ab8cb1 [9] WALTON W E, WORKMAN P D. Effect of marsh design on the abundance of mosquitoes in experimental constructed wetlands in southern California[J]. Journal of The American Mosquito Control Association, 1998, 14(1):95-107. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/9599330 [10] 张廷辉.上海市桃浦工业区(东片)河道水环境变化分析及其成因初探[D].上海: 华东师范大学, 2017. [11] 段田莉.人工湿地+生态塘耦合深度处理污水厂尾水[D].山东青岛: 青岛理工大学, 2016. [12] 高云亮.牡丹江水质现状及污染特征研究[D].哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2017. [13] KENGNE I M, BRISSAUD F, AKOA A, et al. Mosquito development in a macrophyte-based wastewater treatment plant in Cameroon (Central Africa)[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2003, 21(1):53-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2003.08.006 [14] 陈奇.上海某组合式污水处理试验系统中蚊虫孳生规律及影响因素研究[D].上海: 华东师范大学, 2017. [15] WALTON W E, POPKO D A, VAN DAM A R, et al. Width of planting beds for emergent vegetation influences mosquito production from a constructed wetland in California (USA)[J]. Ecological Engineering. 2012, 42:150-159. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.02.013 [16] SUNLISH I P, REUBEN R. Factors influencing the abundance of Japanese encephalitis vectors in ricefields in India-I. Abiotic[J]. Medical & Veterinary Entomology, 2001, 15(4):381. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=6032bcbd977b0bbf5a4820f62bfa0147 [17] 张磊, 蔚建军, 付莉, 等.三峡库区回水区营养盐和叶绿素a的时空变化及其相互关系[J].环境科学, 2015(6):2061-2069. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hjkx201506022 [18] 徐承龙, 姜志宽.蚊虫防制(二)——蚊虫的生态习性与常见种类[J].中华卫生杀虫药械, 2006(5):403-407. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zhwsscyx200605023 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 118
- HTML全文浏览量: 60
- PDF下载量: 152
- 被引次数: 0