上海城市内河中有机碳含量的时空变化及影响因素分析

朱坤; 吴莹; 齐丽君

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.201841032

上海城市内河中有机碳含量的时空变化及影响因素分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.201841032

华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室, 上海　200241

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(41530960)

详细信息

通讯作者:
吴　莹, 女, 教授, 博士生导师, 研究方向为有机地球化学. E-mail: wuying@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X52
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-12
- 网络出版日期: 2019-12-25
- 刊出日期: 2020-01-01

Spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of organic carbon content in the urban rivers of Shanghai

State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai　200241, China

摘要

摘要: 2015年12月至2016年12月间, 对苏州河、黄浦江4个固定站点的表层水样进行逐月采集, 测定溶解态有机碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC)和颗粒态有机碳(particulate organic carbon, POC)的含量, 结合总悬浮颗粒物(total suspended matter, TSM)和稳定碳同位素(δ¹³C)等参数, 研究有机碳的时空变化, 并对其影响因素进行初步分析. 结果显示, 苏州河非汛期时上游DOC质量浓度(4.52 ± 0.48 mg·L^–1)明显高于下游(3.66 ± 0.32 mg·L^–1), 而汛期上下游DOC质量浓度无明显差异, 推测在汛期与非汛期DOC在上下游输送过程中的停留时间不同可能是DOC空间分布存在差异的主要因素. 苏州河汛期颗粒物δ¹³C(–29.1‰ ± 1.0‰)比非汛期(–28.1‰ ± 0.6‰)更负, 表明汛期浮游生物的生长对POC贡献更大. 苏州河汛期与非汛期POC质量分数(POC%)则无明显差异, 但非汛期POC%平均值(6.01% ± 2.27%)略高于汛期(4.10% ± 0.99%). 黄浦江DOC(年平均值3.56 ± 0.31 mg·L^–1)和POC%(年平均值2.18% ± 0.56%)上下游差异不明显, DOC呈现冬高夏低的特征. 汛期更负的δ¹³C(–28.1‰ ± 0.9‰)与更低的TSM(79.1 ± 26.4 mg·L^–1)显示黄浦江汛期时主要受到了太湖来水的影响, POC%表现出汛期高、非汛期低的特征. 两条河的有机碳输送均以DOC输送为主, 水体自净能力的差异使得苏州河DOC/POC变化范围大于黄浦江. 从历史数据比对分析来看, 2005—2016年黄浦江DOC质量浓度逐渐降低, 一定程度上表明了污水治理三期工程对黄浦江的有机污染治理初显成效, 但总有机碳(total organic carbon, TOC)质量浓度的高值表明黄浦江有机污染仍处于较高水平.
- 黄浦江 /
- 苏州河 /
- 稳定碳同位素 /
- 溶解有机碳 /
- 颗粒有机碳
Abstract: Surface water samples were collected monthly from four sites in Suzhou River and Huangpu River from December 2015 to December 2016. We analyzed the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) along with total suspended matter (TSM) and stable carbon isotope (δ¹³C) to understand the spatial and temporal variations in Suzhou River and Huangpu River. During the dry season, the DOC concentration of upstream sections of Suzhou River (4.52 ± 0.48 mg·L^–1) was higher than the downstream sections (3.66 ± 0.32 mg·L^–1), while there was no significant difference between the upstream and downstream sections during the flood season. Different retention times for DOC transportation for the upstream sections relative to the downstream sections might be a major factor for the spatial distribution of DOC. The δ¹³C (–29.1‰ ± 1.0‰) during the flood season was more negative than the dry season (–28.1‰ ± 0.6‰), indicating the significant contribution from plankton in the flood season. The mass fraction of POC (POC%) showed no significant differences between the flood and dry seasons, but the POC% in the dry season (6.01% ± 2.27%) was still higher than the flood season (4.10% ± 0.99%). The DOC concentration and POC% in Huangpu River showed no obvious differences the upstream and downstream sections; however, DOC showed higher concentration during the winter and lower concentration during the summer. The lower TSM (79.1 ± 26.4 mg·L^–1) and more negative δ¹³C (–28.1‰ ± 0.9‰) in the flood season suggested that the Huangpu River was affected mainly by the water discharge from Taihu Lake during the flood season; POC% in the flood season was higher than the dry season. DOC was the dominant fraction of organic carbon in the two rivers, and the difference in the water self-purification capacity between two urban rivers resulted in the difference of DOC/POC variation range. The gradual decrease in the DOC concentration of the Huangpu River during the period from 2005-2016 indicates that the third phase of sewage treatment projects achieved initial effectiveness in controlling organic pollution of the Huangpu River, but the high concentration of total organic carbon (TOC) indicates that the organic pollution in Huangpu River was still at a relative high level.
- Huangpu River /
- Suzhou River /
- stable carbon isotope /
- dissolved organic carbon /
- particulate organic carbon

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图 1 采样站点示意图

Fig. 1 Sampling stations in Huangpu River and Suzhou River

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图 2 苏州河、黄浦江有机地球化学参数含量变化

Fig. 2 Monthly variations in organic geochemical parameters in Huangpu River and Suzhou River

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图 3 POC%和δ¹³C与TSM的变化关系

Fig. 3 Relationship between TSM and POC% as well as TSM and δ¹³C

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图 4 2016年黄浦江、苏州河每月DOC/POC随着TSM的变化

Fig. 4 Variation of DOC/POC with TSM in Huangpu River and Suzhou River in 2016

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图 5 2016年黄浦江每月DOC、TOC浓度与黄浦江COD浓度的关系

注: 2016年黄浦江COD每月浓度数据由上海环境监测中心提供

Fig. 5 Relationship of DOC and TOC among COD concentrations in Huangpu River in 2016

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表 1 2016年苏州河、黄浦江有机地球化学参数年平均值

Tab. 1 Average organic geochemical parameters of Suzhou River and Huangpu River in 2016

站位	DOC**/(mg·L^–1)	POC/(mg·L^–1)	TOC/(mg·L^–1)	TSM*/(mg·L^–1)	POC**/%	δ¹³C**/‰
苏州河	4.13 ± 0.30	2.29 ± 1.01	6.42 ± 1.05	67.9 ± 50.9	5.13 ± 1.99	–28.6 ± 0.9
黄浦江	3.56 ± 0.31	2.21 ± 0.70	5.78 ± 0.87	113 ± 58.6	2.18 ± 0.56	–27.4 ± 0.9
注: * 表示该参数在两河间差异显著(p < 0.05); ** 表示差异极显著(p < 0.01)

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表 2 黄浦江不同年份间DOC浓度对比

Tab. 2 Comparison of DOC concentrations of Huangpu River over different years

采样时间	DOC变化范围/(mg·L^–1)	DOC平均值/(mg·L^–1)	数据来源
采样时间	DOC变化范围/(mg·L^–1)	DOC平均值/(mg·L^–1)	数据来源	2005	5.40~7.97	6.68	[33]
2005.05—2006.01	5.64~7.29	6.63	[10]
2005.11—2006.05	5.02~7.74	6.28	[34]
2006.12—2007.12	4.51~6.59	5.90	[11]
2008.10—2009.01	4.55~5.34	4.95	[35]
2011.07—2011.10	4.80 ± 0.57	4.80	[36]
2012.02—2012.12	2.93~5.94	4.27	[6]
2015.12—2016.12	2.88~4.04	3.56	本文

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