State of marine microplastic pollution research and the limitations
-
摘要: 微塑料（直径小于5mm）广泛分布于全球海洋中，由其引发的污染问题近年来不仅逐步成为全球生态与环境科学的研究热点和前沿，更受到各国政府机构、社会公众及非政府组织的大量关注.海洋塑料污染问题早在20世纪70年代就被发现，但近年来才在国际范围内得到重视，国内外研究进展迅速.然而，当前海洋微塑料研究与应对仍然存在许多问题，需要进一步明确与解决.本文系统阐述了国际海洋微塑料污染研究的历史过程及关键事件和节点，以及这些事件在推动海洋微塑料污染研究和应对中发挥的作用和意义，并详细地介绍了中国海洋微塑料污染的研究和应对的现况，以及海洋微塑料污染研究存在的问题.Abstract: Microplastics (less than 5 mm in diameter) are ubiquitously distributed throughout the world's oceans. Marine microplastic pollution has become a global research hotspot and a new frontier in ecological and environmental sciences. The issue has increasingly attracted the attention of scientists, government agencies, and NGOs worldwide. Although the problem of marine plastic pollution was first discovered in the 1970s, it didn't gain attention in the international arena until recent years. Since then, microplastic research has progressed rapidly both globally and in China. However, there are still many problems with the research and response to marine microplastics, requiring further clarification and solutions. This paper first briefly reviews the chronological development of marine microplastic research as well as the role and significance of key events. Thereafter, the paper discusses the state of marine microplastic pollution research and the mitigation efforts in China and abroad, highlighting the current limitations in the research and response to marine plastic and microplastic pollution.
-
Key words:
- microplastics /
- marine pollution /
- marine environment /
- development state
-
图 2 2004—2018年间国内外发表的海洋微塑料污染论文数量
注: 数据来源为Web of Science; 数据截至2018年12月31日; 搜索关键词为("microplastics"或"microplastic"或"micro-plastic"或"micro-plastics"或"nanoplastics"）及("marine"或"ocean"）及("pollution"或"environment"或"litter"）, 搜索结果经筛选去重
Fig. 2 Number of scientific publications related to marine microplastics over the period from 2004 to 2018
-
[1] ARTHUR C, BAKER J, BAMFORD H. Proceedings of the International Research Workshop on the Occurrence, Effects, and Fate of Microplastic Marine Debris[C]. September 9-11, 2008, University of Washington Tacoma. WA: Tacoma, 2008. https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/file/2192/download?token=5dvqb-YY [2] LAW K L. Plastics in the marine environment[J]. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2017, 9(1):205-229. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060409 [3] BORRELLE S B, ROCHMAN C M, LIBOIRON M, et al. Opinion:Why we need an international agreement on marine plastic pollution[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017, 114(38):9994-9997. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1714450114 [4] NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC. What happens to the plastic we throw out?[EB/OL].[2019-05-13]. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/06/the-journey-of-plastic-around-the-globe/. [5] CARPENTER E J, SMITH K L. Plastics on the sargasso sea surface[J]. Science, 1972, 175(4027):1240-1241. doi: 10.1126/science.175.4027.1240 [6] CARPENTER E J, ANDERSON S J, HARVEY G R, et al. Polystyrene spherules in coastal waters[J]. Science, 1972, 178(4062):749-750. doi: 10.1126/science.178.4062.749 [7] DAY R H, SHAV D G, DAVID G S, et al. The quantitative distribution and characteristics of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean, 1985-88[C]//Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Marine Debris, 2-7 April 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1990. http://swfsc.noaa.gov/publications/TM/SWFSC/NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-154_P247.PDF [8] MOORE C J, MOORE S L, LEECASTER M K, et al. A comparison of plastic and plankton in the north Pacific central gyre[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2001, 42(12):1297-1300. doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00114-X [9] RYAN P MOLONEY C. Plastic and other artefacts on South African beaches:Temporal trends in abundance and composition[J]. South African Journal of Science, 1990, 86:450-452. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283507743_plastic_and_other_artefacts_on_South_African_beaches_temporal_trends_in_abundance_and_composition [10] THOMPSON R C, OLSEN Y S, MITCHELL R P, et al. Lost at sea:Where is all the plastic?[J]. Science, 2004, 304(5672):838-838. doi: 10.1126/science.1094559 [11] LAW K L, MORETFERGUSON S, MAXIMENKO N, et al. Plastic accumulation in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre[J]. Science, 2010, 329(5996):1185-1188. doi: 10.1126/science.1192321 [12] BARNES D K, MILNER P. Drifting plastic and its consequences for sessile organism dispersal in the Atlantic Ocean[J]. Marine Biology, 2005, 146(4):815-825. doi: 10.1007/s00227-004-1474-8 [13] VON MOOS N R, BURKHARDTHOLM P, KOHLER A, et al. Uptake and effects of microplastics on cells and tissue of the blue mussel mytilus edulis L. after an experimental exposure[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, 46(20):11327-11335. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=a509ada6ef5a656abb560162681bdcb8 [14] WRIGHT S L, ROWE D, THOMPSON R C, et al. Microplastic ingestion decreases energy reserves in marine worms[J]. Current Biology, 2013, 23(23):R1031-R1033. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.10.068 [15] VAN CAUWENBERGHE L, JANSSEN C R. Microplastics in bivalves cultured for human consumption[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2014, 193:65-70. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.010 [16] LAW K L, THOMPSON R C. Microplastics in the seas[J]. Science, 2014, 345(6193):144-145. doi: 10.1126/science.1254065 [17] ERIKSEN M, LEBRETON L C M, CARSON H S et al. Plastic pollution in the world's oceans:More than 5 Trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250, 000 tons afloat at sea[J]. Plos One, 2014, 9(12):e111913. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111913 [18] COZAR A, ECHEVARRIA F, GONZALEZ J, et al. Plastic debris in the open ocean[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014, 111(28):10239-10244. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1314705111 [19] VAN SEBILLE E, WILCOX C, LEBRETON L, et al. A global inventory of small floating plastic debris[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2015, 10(12):124006. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124006 [20] ZHAO S Y, ZHU L X, WANG T, et al. Suspended microplastics in the surface water of the Yangtze Estuary System, China:First observations on occurrence, distribution[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2014, 86(1):562-568. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=94fd9d502f813fd12c010f2534aab84e&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [21] NOAA. Laboratory methods for the analysis of microplastics in the marine environment: Recommendations for quantifying synthetic particles in waters and sediments[R]. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2015. https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/publications-files/noaa_microplastics_methods_manual.pdf [22] JAMBECK J R, GEYER R, WILCOX C, et al. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean[J]. Science, 2015, 347(6223):768-771. doi: 10.1126/science.1260352 [23] YANG D Q, SHI H H, LI L, et al. Microplastic pollution in table salts from China[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 49(22):13622-13627. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=f04446a4b8333f4391081b6a51b88ff3 [24] HOEGH G O. Reviving the ocean economy: The case for action-2015[R/OL]. WWF International.[2019-05-13]. https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/reviving-the-oceans-economy-the-case-for-action-2015. [25] UNEP. Plastic in cosmetics: Are we polluting the environment through our personal care?[R]. The Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities 2015.[2019-05-13]. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/9664/-PlasticincosmeticsArewepollutingtheenvironmentthroughourpersonalcare-2015Plas.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y. [26] GESAMP. Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: A global assessment[R/OL].[2019-05-13]. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/good-environmental-status/descriptor-10/pdf/GESAMPmicroplastics%20full%20study.pdf. [27] 联合国海洋大会. 《2030年可持续发展议程》及其17项可持续发展目标, 目标14: 保护和可持续利用海洋和海洋资源以促进可持续发展[R].[2019-05-13]. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/zh/oceans/. [28] LÖNNSTEDT O M, EKLÖV P. Environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastic particles influence larval fish ecology[J]. Science, 2016, 352(6290):1213-1216 doi: 10.1126/science.aad8828 [29] SUSSARELLU R, SUQUET M, THOMAS Y, et al. Oyster reproduction is affected by exposure to polystyrene microplastics[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016, 113(9):2430-2435. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1519019113 [30] GALLOWAY T S, LEWIS C. Marine microplastics spell big problems for future generations[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016, 113(9):2331-2333. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1600715113 [31] GESAMP. Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: Part two of a global assessment[R/OL].[2019-05-13]. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/good-environmental-status/descriptor-10/pdf/GESAMPmicroplastics%20full%20study.pdf. [32] GALLOWAY T S, COLE M, LEWIS C, et al. Interactions of microplastic debris throughout the marine ecosystem[J]. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 2017, 1(5):116. doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0116 [33] LEBRETON L, DER ZWET J V, DAMSTEEG J, et al. River plastic emissions to the world's oceans[J]. Nature Communications, 2017(7):1-10. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=11b1bd4c775e45a6dda38b71418b9dcf&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [34] ZHAO S Y, ZHU L X, GAO L, et al. Limitations for microplastic quantification in the ocean and recommendations for improvement and standarization[M]//ZENG E Y. Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments.[S.l.]: Elsevier, 2018: 27-49. [35] LEBRETON L, SLAT B, FERRARI F F, et al. Evidence that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is rapidly accumulating plastic[J]. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1):4666. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22939-w [36] ZHAO S Y, WARD E, DANLEY M, et al. Mincer, field-based evidence for microplastic in marine aggregates and mussels:Implications for trophic transfer[J]. Environmental Science Technology, 2018, 52(19):11038-11048. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03467 [37] EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Circular Economy: Commission welcomes European Parliament adoption of new rules on single-use plastics to reduce marine litter[EB/OL]. (2019-03-27)[2019-05-13]. http://europa.eu/rapid/press-releaseSTATEMENT-19-1873en.htm. [38] PAN Z, GUO H S, CHEN H Z, et al. Microplastics in the Northwestern Pacific:Abundance, distribution, and characteristics[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2018, 650:1913-1922. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=4441648d3d83f402e6100b8ecea2a669&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [39] SUN X, LIU T, ZHU M, et al. Retention and characteristics of microplastics in natural zooplankton taxa from the East China Sea[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018(640/641):232-242. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=10ae548d8303c28f60e3bb5c450bc564&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [40] ZHAO S Y, ZHU L X, LI D J, et al. Microplastic in three urban estuaries, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2015, 206:597-604. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.027 [41] ZHAO S Y, DANLEY M, WARD J E, et al. An approach for extraction, characterization and quantitation of microplastic in natural marine snow using Raman microscopy[J]. Analytical Methods, 2016(9):1470-1478. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=3aef239ba58109771d56d8839008a334&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [42] PENG G Y, ZHU B S, YANG D Q, et al. Microplastics in sediments of the Changjiang Estuary, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 225:283-290. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.064 [43] PENG G Y, XU P, ZHU B S, et al. Microplastics in freshwater river sediments in Shanghai, China:A case study of risk assessment in mega-cities[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 234:448-456. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.034 [44] XU P, PENG G Y, SU L, et al. Microplastic risk assessment in surface waters:A case study in the Changjiang Estuary, China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2018, 133:647-654. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.020 [45] LI J N, YANG D Q, LI L, et al. Microplastics in commercial bivalves from China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2015, 207:190-195. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.018 [46] LI H X, MA L S, LIN L, et al. Microplastics in oysters Saccostrea cucullata along the Pearl River Estuary, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 236:619-625. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.083 [47] JABEEN K, SU L, LI J N, et al. Microplastics and mesoplastics in fish from coastal and fresh waters of China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 221:141-149. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.055 [48] ZHAO S Y, ZHU L X, LI D J, et al. Microscopic anthropogenic litter in terrestrial birds from Shanghai, China:Not only plastics but also natural fibers[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2016, 550:1110-1115. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.112 [49] LI J N, QU X Y, SU L, et al. Microplastics in mussels along the coastal waters of China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016, 214:177-184. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.012 [50] CHEN Q Q, GUNDLACH M, YANG S Y, et al. Quantitative investigation of the mechanisms of microplastics and nanoplastics toward zebrafish larvae locomotor activity[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2017, 584/585:1022-1031. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.156 [51] JABEEN K, LI B W, CHEN Q Q, et al. Effects of virgin microplastics on goldfish (Carassius auratus)[J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 213:323-332. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.031 [52] WANG Y, ZHANG D, ZHANG M X, et al. Effects of ingested polystyrene microplastics on brine shrimp, Artemia parthenogenetica[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019, 224:715-722. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=33056c3ce68574b9f9fb1c8e6a163ec9&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [53] ZHANG H B, ZHOU Q, XIE Z Y, et al. Occurrences of organophosphorus esters and phthalates in the microplastics from the coastal beaches in north China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 616/617:1505-1512. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.163 [54] CHEN Q Q, ZHANG H B, ALLGEIER A, et al. Marine microplastics bound dioxin-like chemicals:Model explanation and risk assessment[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019, 364:82-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.032 [55] JIANG P L, ZHAO S Y, ZHU L X, et al. Microplastic-associated bacterial assemblages in the intertidal zone of the Yangtze Estuary[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 624:48-54. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.105 [56] BAI M Y, ZHU L X, AN L H et al. Estimation and prediction of plastic waste annual input into the sea from China[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2018, 37(11):30-43. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hyxb-e201811004 [57] 李道季.海洋微塑料污染状况及其应对措施建议[J].环境科学研究, 2019, 32(2):197-202. http://www.hjkxyj.org.cn/hjkxyj/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20190203 -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 158
- HTML全文浏览量: 251
- PDF下载量: 141
- 被引次数: 0