Experimental investigation of advanced purification of tail water in a rural sewage treatment plant of an ecological riparian zone
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摘要: 利用自然土、腐殖土、生物陶粒和斜发沸石这4种常见填料，根据其不同配比设计出3种生态河岸带装置（R1、R2和R3），并全部种植黑麦草，探究不同填料种类及配比的河岸带处理单元对农村污水处理厂尾水的净化能力，以期为该工艺应用于工程实践提供科学依据.结果表明：以自然土和陶粒分层填充的河岸带R1对污染物（不包括NH4+-N）的去除率显著优于R2和R3，且出水水质更稳定，其对TN、NH4+-N、TP和CODCr的平均去除率能够分别达到23.0%、49.5%、36.3%和25.6%；3组生态河岸带中的黑麦草对尾水中N、P去除的贡献率最高可达23.5%和22.6%，其对尾水的净化作用值得肯定；含有斜发沸石的R2对水中NH4+-N的平均去除率最高（58.2%）；生态河岸带的填料生物膜中去除有机物的菌属为优势菌（如鞘氨醇单胞菌属），而脱氮除磷相关菌属的占比则较小（脱氮与除磷相关菌属的占比均不足2%），说明生态河岸带对尾水中有机物的去除主要依靠其填料中的微生物净化作用，对N、P的去除则主要依靠填料吸附和植物吸收作用.后续研究可以根据污染物类型强化河岸带的相关功能，并尝试将斜发沸石加入R1的现有填料配置中，从而进一步强化生态河岸带对农村生活污水厂尾水的深度净化效果.Abstract: In this paper, four kinds of common fillers natural soil, humus soil, biological ceramist and clinoptilolite were used to design three kinds of ecologic riparian devices (R1, R2 and R3) in different mixing proportions, and the devices were all filled with ryegrass. This study explores the purification ability of different riparian zone treatment units for the tailwater of rural sewage treatment plants, and provides a scientific basis for the application of this process in engineering practice. The results showed that the removal rate of pollutants (not including NH4+-N) by R1 was significantly better than R2 and R3, and the water quality was more stable. The average removal rates of TN, NH4+-N, TP, and CODCr were 23.0%, 49.5%, 36.3%, and 25.6% respectively. The contribution of ryegrass to the removal of N and P in the tail water was 23.5% and 22.6% respectively; hence, its purification effect on tail water is confirmed. The average removal rate of NH4+-N in water containing clinoptilolite was the highest (58.2%) with R2. The genus of organisms that remove organic matter from the biofilm of the ecological riparian zone played the dominant role (eg, sphingomonas), while the proportion of bacteria for nitrogen and phosphorus removal was small (less than 2%), This indicates that the removal of organic matter in the tail water of an eco-riparian zone depends primarily on the microbial degradation and transformation of the filler, while the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus depends primarily on the adsorption of the filler and the plant. Hence, subsequent research can strengthen the function of the riparian zone according to the type of pollutants, and try to add clinoptilolite to the existing packing configuration of R1, thereby further strengthening the deep purification effect of the ecological riparian zone on the tail water of rural domestic sewage plants.
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Key words:
- rural domestic sewage /
- sewage plant tail water /
- advanced purification /
- riparian zone /
- mixed filler
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图 2 R1, R2和R3对生活污水NH$_{4}^{+}$-N的去除
Fig. 2 NH$_{4}^{+}$-N removal performance of R1, R2, and R3 from domestic sewage
图 3 R1、R2和R3对生活污水TN的去除
Fig. 3 TN removal performance of R1, R2, and R3 from domestic sewage
图 4 R1, R2和R3对生活污水TP的去除
Fig. 4 TP removal performance of R1, R2, and R3 from domestic sewage
图 5 R1, R2和R3对生活污水COD$_{\rm Cr}$的去除
Fig. 5 COD$_{\rm Cr}$ removal performance of R1, R2, and R3 from domestic sewage
图 6 R1、R2和R3中3个样本在属层面上的群落组成
Fig. 6 Bacterial community composition at the genus level of four samples of R1, R2, and R3
表 1 3组河岸带试验装置的填料种类、规格及配比
Tab. 1 Types, specifications, and proportions of fillers used for the three riparian zones
河岸带 R1 R2 R3 填料种类 上层填充0.15 m生物陶粒, 下层填充0.05 m自然土, 撒播0.25 kg黑麦草草种 上层填充0.15 m生物陶粒, 中层填充0.04 m腐殖土, 下层填充0.01 m斜发沸石, 撒播0.25 kg黑麦草草种 上层填充0.15 m生物陶粒, 下层填充0.04 m腐殖土, 撒播0.25 kg黑麦草草种 
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表 2 3种河岸带土壤的全氮、全磷和有机质的含量变化
Tab. 2 Variation in TN, TP and OM content in soils along three riparian zones
g/kg 指标 全氮 全磷 有机质 2015年05月01日 自然土 0.49$\pm $0.13 0.28$\pm $0.12 17.07$\pm $1.85 腐殖土 10.61$\pm $0.12 0.75$\pm $0.25 233.26$\pm $10.32 2016年06月27日 R1 2.42$\pm $0.12 0.46$\pm $0.11 13.45$\pm $1.76 R2 10.12$\pm $1.03 0.17$\pm $0.05 96.49$\pm $5.97 R3 7.05$\pm $1.35 0.15$\pm $0.05 60.67$\pm $5.78
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表 3 R1、R2和R3的黑麦草对污水N、P去除的贡献率估算值
Tab. 3 Estimated contribution of ryegrass in N and P removal in R1, R2, and R3
采样时间 N贡献率/% P贡献率/% R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 2015.07.23 8.8 12.6 11.6 7.0 13.8 12.9 2015.12.14 13.5 23.5 20.7 12.7 22.6 21.5 2016.04.28 6.7 11.0 9.8 6.0 12.4 10.7 2016.06.27 4.8 6.8 6.2 5.9 8.5 7.7
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表 4 样本的OTUs数量、Good's coverage、Shannon、Chao1、ACE和Simpson指数
Tab. 4 Number of OTUs, Good's coverage, and the Shannon, Chao1, ACE, and Simpson indices of the samples
样品 OTUs Shannon ACE Chao1 Good's coverage/% Simpson R1 9 197 7.14 45 121 28 070 92.40 0.003 1 R2 7 907 7.02 35 178 22 052 92.10 0.004 3 R3 8 008 7.20 29 692 21 064 92.60 0.003 5
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