Experimental study on a new type of suspended filler for enhanced nitrification
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摘要: 提出了一种包裹沸石粉与硝化细菌的新型悬浮填料，用于城镇污水厂的强化硝化模拟试验研究，并根据有无沸石粉和硝化细菌设计出3组试验装置.通过监测3组试验装置进出水NH4+-N、NO2--N和NO3--N的浓度变化情况评价新型悬浮填料的强化硝化性能，并结合新型悬浮填料生物膜中的微生物群落多样性来解析其硝化机理.结果表明：相比仅包裹沸石粉或硝化细菌的单一悬浮填料，同时包裹沸石粉和硝化细菌的复合悬浮填料在试验装置中对水体中NH4+-N的平均去除率最高（68.3%），且NO2--N平均浓度最低（12.62mg/L）、NO3--N平均浓度最高（7.81 mg/L），表明沸石粉和硝化细菌的组合能够明显提升填料的硝化性能，且沸石粉对微生物的硝化过程可能具有促进作用；新型悬浮填料中沸石粉的加入更有利于硝化相关菌属的富集和生长，从而造成微生物物种多样性的降低；用于强化硝化的新型悬浮填料的生物膜中的Nitrosomonas菌属占绝对优势，从而为体系中NH4+-N的转化提供有力保障，而填料中沸石粉的引入能够进一步促进Nitrospira菌属比例的提高，从而减少体系中NO2--N积累的可能性.本研究旨在为该填料的工程化应用提供依据和参数.Abstract: A new type of suspended filler containing zeolite powder and nitrifying bacteria was proposed in this study. The new filler was used in an enhanced nitrification model experiment of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), in which three devices were designed with combinations of zeolite powder and nitrifying bacteria. The nitrification performance of the new suspended fillers were evaluated by monitoring changes in NH4+-N, NO2--N and NO3--N concentration in the three devices. The microbial community structure and diversity in the biofilm of the fillers, furthermore, were analyzed to reveal the nitrification mechanism. The results showed that compared with a single suspension filler containing only zeolite powder or nitrifying bacteria, the composite suspension filler containing zeolite powder and nitrifying bacteria had the highest average removal rate of NH4+-N (68.3%), the lowest average concentration of NO2--N (12.62 mg/L), and the highest average concentration of NO3--N (7.81 mg/L). Hence, the study demonstrated that the combination of zeolite powder and nitrifying bacteria can significantly improve the nitrification performance of the filler, and zeolite powder may promote the microbial nitrification process. The addition of zeolite powder in the new suspended filler was more conducive to the enrichment and growth of nitrifying bacteria, resulting in the decrease of microbial species diversity. The Nitrosomonas genus in the biofilm of the new suspension filler for enhanced nitrification has an advantage, which provides a strong guarantee for the conversion of NH4+-N in the system. The introduction of zeolite powder in the filler can further promote an increase in the proportion of the Nitrospira genus, thereby reducing the possibility of NO2--N accumulation in the system. The purpose of this study was to improve the basis and parameters for the engineering application of new types of suspended fillers.
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图 1 悬浮填料强化硝化实验装置
Fig. 1 Experimental device for enhanced nitrification of suspended fillers
图 2 装置1-3 NH$_{4}^{+}$-N去除率变化情况
Fig. 2 Change in removal rate of NH$_{4}^{+}$-N in the three devices
图 3 装置1-3 NO$_{2}^{-}$N浓度变化情况
Fig. 3 Change of NO$_{2}^{-}$-N concentration in the three devices
图 4 装置1-3以及进水NO$_{3}^{-}$-N浓度变化情况
Fig. 4 Change of NO$_{3}^{-}$-N concentration in the three devices
图 5 试验装置填料生物膜样本在属水平层面上的群落组成
Fig. 5 Bacterial community composition at the genus level of the filler biofilm sample used in the experiment
表 1 悬浮填料强化硝化实验各装置运行参数
Tab. 1 Operating parameters of various devices for enhanced nitrification
编号 装置内填料组成 装置1 悬浮填料包裹100 g沸石粉和4 L硝化细菌混合液, 填料填充率20% 装置2 悬浮填料包裹100 g沸石粉, 填料填充率20% 装置3 悬浮填料包裹4 L硝化细菌混合液, 填料填充率20% 注:本次试验装置中填充率为20%时, 悬浮填料数量为25只 
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表 2 硝化细菌富集培养基基本配方
Tab. 2 Basic composition for nitrifying bacteria enrichment medium
NaCl/g FeSO$_{4}\cdot $7H$_{2}$O/g KCl/g MgSO$_{4}\cdot $7H$_{2}$O/g Na$_{3}$PO$_{4}$/g 0.100 0.100 0.050 0.050 2.300 MnSO$_{4}\cdot $7H$_{2}$O/g CaCl$_{2}$/g Na$_{2}$CO$_{3}$/g NH$_{4}$CO$_{3}$/g H$_{2}$O/L 0.167 0.062 23.420 20.000 50.0
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