Numerical simulation of pelagic ecosystem's seasonal variation in the central East China Sea
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摘要: 利用一维物理-生物耦合模型(GOTM-FABM-ERSEM)对东中国海中部站位浮游生态系统要素的季节变化进行模拟,较好地刻画并分析了其物理、生化要素之间的相互作用.模拟结果表明浮游生态系统的季节性变化的物理控制因子主要为光照、温度及其引起的垂向层化;生化控制因子主要为营养盐水平,其夏季集中分布在跃层以下深度,并在9月达到最大值.模型较好地呈现了春秋季浮游植物的双峰结构,浮游植物在夏季次表层(约20m)出现最大值,并在潮汐混合影响下呈周期性斑块状生长,峰值为5.3 mg ·m-3.浮游动物和细菌的分布与浮游植物类似,均在春季达到最大值,并滞后3d左右,细菌在夏季表层受浮游植物和温度影响.Abstract: The 1D physics-ecological system model GOTM-FABM-ERSEM is used to simulate the seasonal variation in pelagic ecosystem components in the central East China Sea. The interaction between physical and bio-chemical components is well characterized. The biophysical drivers of seasonality are light, temperature, vertical stratification, and nutrient concentrations as well as their respective rates of supply. There are two blooming periods for phytoplankton:these are April and October. In summer, the seawater temperature is the highest and stratification is the strongest, with high nutrient concentrations found below the thermocline; these concentrations reach a maximum in September with phytoplankton biomass reaching a maximum of 5.3 mg C·m-3 in the subsurface layer (about 20 m depth) and periodic growth promoted by tidal mixing. The temporal variability of zooplankton and bacteria is tightly coupled with that of phytoplankton, but with a 3 d lag in spring blooming; hence, the zooplankton and bacteria reach maximum concentrations after the spring phytoplankton bloom. Bacterial biomass in the upper layer is controlled by phytoplankton standing stock and temperatures during the summer.
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Key words:
- East China Sea /
- marine modelling /
- pelagic ecosystems /
- seasonal variability
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图 4 (a) 2006——2007年两年平均的光照在水柱中垂向衰减和随时间变化; (b)研究区域2006——2007年两年平均的月平均风速矢量图(黑色箭头表示正北方向)
Fig. 4 (a) The two year average vertical attenuation of light in the water column and the variability in light with time from 2006——2007; (b) The two year average monthly wind speed vector at the study station from 2006——2007 (the black arrow indicates north)
图 9 (a) 表示2006——2007年, 浮游植物, 浮游动物和细菌在深度积分平均的生物量的季节变化; (b) 2006——2007年, 浮游植物, 浮游动物和细菌在表层生物量的季节变化
注: 图中生物量均以碳含量表示, 单位为mg C·m-3
Fig. 9 (a) Seasonal variations of depth integrated mean biomass of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria from 2006——2007; (b) Seasonal variations in surface biomass of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria from 2006——2007
表 1 物理模型相关参数取值
Tab. 1 Physical parameters in the GOTM
参数 取值 单位 生物与物理模型时间步长比例 1 - 混合层深度湍流动能阈值 1× 10-5 m2/s2 最小湍流动能 1× 10-6 m2/s2 最小湍流耗散率 1× 10-12 m2/s3 混合长度限制系数 0.53 - 温度剖面数据松弛时间 86 400.0 s 盐度剖面松数据弛时间 86 400.0 s 底部粗糙度 0.05 m 表 2 浮游植物相关参数取值
Tab. 2 Phytoplankton-related parameters in the ERSEM
参数 硅藻 微微型浮游植物 微型浮游植物 小型浮游植物 10°最大生产率/d-1 1.375 2.0 1.625 1.125 Q10方程系数 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 呼吸率 4× 10-2 4.5× 10-2 4×10-2 3.5× 10-2 最小N:C 4.2× 10-3 6× 10-3 5×10-3 4.2× 10-3 最小P:C 1× 10-3 3.5× 10-4 2.25×10-4 1× 10-3 最大N:C 1.075 1.0 1.075 1.1 最大P:C 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.7 最大Si:C 1.18× 10-2 - - - 硅酸盐半饱和常数/ (μmol· L-1) 2× 10-1 - - - 死亡率/d-1 5× 10-2 5.5× 10-2 5× 10-2 4.5× 10-2 P-I曲线的初始斜率/(W· d-1) 4.0 6.0 5.0 3.0 光抑制参数/(W· d-1) 7× 10-2 1.2×10-1 1× 10-1 6× 10-2 最大Chl:C 6× 10-2 1.5× 10-2 2.5×10-2 4.5× 10-2 表 3 浮游动物和细菌相关参数取值
Tab. 3 Zooplankton- and Bacteria-related parameters in the ERSEM
参数 异养鞭毛虫 微型浮游动物 中型浮游动物 细菌 Q10方程系数 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 米氏食物感知常数/(mg C· m-3) 12.0 12.0 12.0 - 米氏食物吸收常数/(mg C· m-3) 28.0 32.0 36.0 - 参考温度最大吸收率/ d-1 1.5 1.25 1.0 2.2 同化效率 4× 10-1 5× 10-1 6×10-1 - 呼吸率/d-1 2.5× 10-2 2× 10-2 1.5× 10-2 1× 10-1 死亡率/d-1 5× 10-2 5× 10-2 5×10-2 5× 10-2 米氏氧限制常数 7.81 7.81 7.81 - 米氏氮限制常数 - - - 5× 10-1 米氏磷限制常数 - - - 5× 10-1 最大P:C 1× 10-3 1× 10-3 7.86×10-4 1.9× 10-3 最大N:C 1.67× 10-2 1.67× 10-2 1.226× 10-2 1.67× 10-2 -
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