Interspecies associations and species-habitat associations in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of Tiantong National Forest Park, Zhejiang
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摘要: 为探究森林群落种间关联格局与物种生境偏好的关系, 采用空间点格局分析方法和点过程模型, 分析了浙江天童国家森林公园20 hm2常绿阔叶林样地109个木本植物的种间关联格局及种-生境关联, 结果表明: ①天童样地中, 种间负关联比例高于种间正关联, 具有显著关联的种对比例随尺度增加而增加; ②89.9%的物种至少与一类生境显著关联, 73.4%的物种与生境显著正关联, 65.1%的物种与生境显著负关联; ③在较大尺度上(> 20 m), 种间空间关联结果与种对的生境偏好类型表现出很好的一致性, 说明生境的异质性是形成较大尺度种间关联格局的重要原因; 而在较小尺度上(< 5 m), 种间关联格局与种对的生境偏好没有明显关系, 可能受到其他生态学过程的影响. 研究结果为进一步探究常绿阔叶林物种的共存机制提供了理论依据.Abstract: The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between interspecies associations and species habitat preferences in Tiantong National Forest Park. A total of 109 species of 20 hm2 evergreen broad-leaved forest plots were selected and tested for interspecies associations and species-habitat associations. The results indicated that: ① the ratio of species pairs with significant associations increased with spatial scale and the ratio of negative associations was higher than positive; ② 89.9% of species were significantly correlated with at least one habitat variable, including 73.4% of species positively and 65.1% of species negatively correlated with habitats; ③ at scales larger than 20 m, the results of interspecies associations were consistent with those of species pair habitat preferences; but at smaller scales (i.e., < 5 m), most species pairs did not show significant interspecies associations, indicating there are not habitat preferences but rather other ecological processes influencing interspecies association patterns. The results provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the mechanism of species coexistence in evergreen broad-leaved forests.
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Key words:
- interspecies association /
- habitat preference /
- point pattern /
- scale /
- wood plants /
- Tiantong National Forest Park
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表 1 天童20 hm2森林动态样7类生境的基本环境数据
Tab. 1 Basic parameters of seven habitat categories in the 20 hm2 Tiantong forest dynamics plot
生境类型 海拔/m 凸度/m 坡度/(°) 总面积/hm2 个体密度/(株· hm–2) 受干扰生境 505.0 ± 12.9 –0.1 ± 1.3 30.1 ± 4.6 1.64 2 499.4 低海拔沟谷 390.0 ± 36.4 –3.0 ± 1.4 32.5 ± 6.1 2.96 3 930.4 高海拔沟谷 497.4 ± 36.1 –2.5 ± 1.4 36.7 ± 5.0 2.00 4 477.0 低海拔山脊 411.3 ± 23.2 3.5 ± 1.4 33.8 ± 5.8 1.68 4 979.2 高海拔山脊 496.9 ± 35.3 3.8 ± 1.5 37.1 ± 5.7 1.80 5 478.9 低海拔坡面 399.6 ± 32.4 –0.3 ± 1.3 37.0 ± 5.4 6.24 5 217.1 高海拔坡面 506.4 ± 40.3 0.0 ± 1.4 38.6 ± 4.8 3.68 5 199.5 表 2 种-生境关联检验结果
Tab. 2 Results of species-habitat association test
生境类型 正关联物种数 负关联物种数 生境关联物种总数 干扰生境 17(14) 22(5) 39 低海拔沟谷 9(5) 25(5) 34 高海拔沟谷 8(6) 12(4) 20 低海拔山脊 14(0) 28(20) 42 高海拔山脊 25(3) 27(20) 52 低海拔坡面 9(2) 0(0) 9 高海拔坡面 19(6) 8(4) 27 总计 80(73.4%) 71(65.1%) 98(89.9%) 注: 括号内数字为落叶树种的数目, “总计”中表示该物种数占总物种数(109)的比例 表 3 基于种对生境偏好类型的种间关联性统计
Tab. 3 Interspecies association classified by habitat preference
种对类型 种对数量 种间关联性 物种对比例/% 1 m 2 m 5 m 10 m 20 m 30 m 40 m 50 m I 715 正 34.8 49.7 68.7 81.3 87.7 89.9 91.9 92.4 负 0.6 1.4 3.2 4.3 3.5 3.1 3.5 3.2 无 64.6 49.0 28.1 14.4 8.8 7.0 4.6 4.3 II 1 546 正 0.8 1.2 2.4 4.3 4.9 5.4 6.5 8.0 负 4.1 10.2 27.9 46.9 64.2 71.7 74.9 75.0 无 95.1 88.6 69.7 48.8 30.9 22.9 18.6 17.1 III 3 625 正 6.8 10.3 18.0 24.2 30.3 33.2 34.3 34.8 负 2.7 6.3 16.2 24.6 33.7 37.3 39.1 40.4 无 90.6 83.4 65.8 51.3 36.0 29.6 26.7 24.9 注: I 为种对均偏好同一生境; II 为种对与同一生境偏好相异; III 为中间类型 -
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