基于粒级分离的长江口及邻近陆架沉积物磁性特征及其环境意义

葛灿; 张卫国

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.02.004

基于粒级分离的长江口及邻近陆架沉积物磁性特征及其环境意义

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.02.004

葛灿^{1, 2, 3,},
张卫国^2, ,

1.
浙江省水利河口研究院, 杭州　310020
2.
华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室, 上海　200241
3.
浙江省河口海岸重点实验室, 杭州　310020

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(41576094); 科技部重点研发计划(2017YFE0107400); 上海市科委重点项目(18DZ1206401); 中国博士后科学基金(2019M652147); 浙江省自然科学基金(LQ19D060001)

详细信息

作者简介:
葛灿：葛　灿, 男, 博士, 研究方向为河口动力沉积与环境演变. E-mail: cansklec2014@126.com

通讯作者:
张卫国, 男, 研究员, 研究方向为三角洲环境演变. E-mail: wgzhang@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P736.21+2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-17
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-30

Magnetic properties of particle-sized fractions of sediments in the Changjiang Estuary and neighboring shelf, and its environmental implications

GE Can^{1, 2, 3
,},
ZHANG Weiguo^{2
, ,}

1.
Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary, Hangzhou　310020, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai　200241, China
3.
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Estuary and Coast, Hangzhou　310020, China

摘要

摘要: 在粒级分离的基础上, 对长江河口及邻近陆架22个表层沉积物进行了磁学表征, 探讨了磁性特征对物源、输运、沉积动力等环境信息的指示意义. 研究结果表明, 长江入海泥沙、残留砂及废黄河物质是长江口外水下三角洲及邻近陆架沉积物磁性特征的主要物源影响因素, 但3者的空间分布不同. 沉积物磁化率(χ)、饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)、硬剩磁(HIRM)及非磁滞剩磁磁化率(χ_ARM)的空间变化指示了长江入海泥沙出口门后向南及东南方向输运. SIRM与χ及退磁参数(S_–100)与SIRM关系图表明, 大于63 μm粒级沉积物来自残留砂与现代长江粗颗粒, 其分布大致以30 m等深线为界; 小于 16 μm粒级沉积物受长江和废黄河物质的影响, 口内为长江源, 口外北部贴岸以废黄河源为主, 口外其他区域则表现为以长江物质占主导的混合源. 沉积物粒度和磁学特征的空间变化反映了动力的粒度和密度分选作用, 并体现在沉积环境分区磁性特征差异及分粒级组分对全样SIRM贡献的空间变化上. 粒级分离减小了粒度效应对全样磁性特征的干扰, 提高了沉积物物源判别的准确性, 在反映三角洲地貌变化及物源定量识别上具有重要意义.
- 磁性特征 /
- 粒级分离 /
- 物源 /
- 动力分选 /
- 长江口 /
- 东海陆架
Abstract: Twenty-two surface sediments collected from the Changjiang Estuary and neighboring shelf were subjected to particle-size measurements, with the intent of understanding the implications for provenance, transport, and depositional dynamics. The results showed that Changjiang River-derived sediments, relict sands, and Yellow River-derived sediments were the primary sources controlling the magnetic properties of sediments in the study area. The three areas, however, exhibited different spatial distributions. Spatial variations of magnetic parameters, including magnetic susceptibility (χ), saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM), and anhysteretic susceptibility (χ_ARM), suggest that sediments from the Changjiang River are transported towards the south and southeast when they move out of the river mouth. According to bi-plots of SIRM versus χ and S-ratio (S_–100) versus SIRM, the > 63 μm fraction is roughly bounded by the 30 m isobaths that separates the Changjiang River sediment from the relict sands on the shelf. The < 16 μm fraction is derived mainly from the modern fluvial sources of the Changjiang and Yellow Rivers; in particular, the Changjiang River-derived sediment dominates the inner estuary and the Yellow River-derived sediment dominates the northern coast of the shelf. The other areas of the shelf are characterized by mixed sources of the < 16 μm fraction, with a majority being Changjiang River-derived sediment. Spatial variations of particle size compositions and magnetic properties reflect the role of hydrodynamic sorting on particle size as well as mineral density; this results in differences in magnetic properties among the sedimentary units as well as the contribution of different sized fractions to the bulk SIRM values. Particle size separation could reduce the effect of particle size on bulk magnetic properties and lead to more precise provenance discrimination. Our results have great potential in the study of geomorphological changes and quantitative source identification in delta environments.
- magnetic properties /
- particle size separation /
- provenance /
- hydrodynamic sorting /
- Changjiang Estuary /
- East China Sea shelf

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图 1 研究区域及样品位置

注: 根据粒度及全样磁学特征, 样品分为A、B、C、D 4组, 分别位于口内河槽、三角洲前缘、过渡区和陆架4个沉积区^[31]; 星形表示分粒级样品, TT′为长江口至陆架的一个分析断面.

Fig. 1 Map of the study area showing the respective sampling sites

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图 2 沉积物粒级组成的空间变化

注: 柱状图上方的数字为百分含量.

Fig. 2 Spatial variations in sediment particle size compositions

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图 3 沉积物全样及4个粒级组分的磁性特征

Fig. 3 Magnetic properties of bulk samples and the four particle size fractions

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图 4 沉积物各粒级组分对全样SIRM贡献的空间分布

Fig. 4 Spatial variation of the contribution of the four particle size fractions to the bulk SIRM value

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图 5 沉积物全样和分粒级组分SIRM与χ关系

Fig. 5 SIRM versus χ plot for bulk sediments and the four particle size fractions

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图 6 沉积物全样和分粒级组分S_-100与SIRM关系

注: 长江、黄河全样和分粒级数据分别来自Zhang等^[7]和Wang等^[34].

Fig. 6 S_-100 versus SIRM plots for bulk sediments and the four particle size fractions

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图 7 长江口及邻近陆架典型断面TT′沉积物小于16 μm粒级组分磁学参数变化

Fig. 7 Magnetic properties of the < 16 μm sediment fractions along transect TT′ from the Changjiang Estuary to the East China Sea shelf

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图 8 长江口外2016年(蓝色, 本研究)与2006—2007年(红色, Liu等^[27])采集表层沉积物饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)与中值粒径(Md)的比较

Fig. 8 A comparison of SIRM and median size (Md) of sediments from the shelf off the Changjiang Estuary collected in 2016 (blue, this study) and 2006—2007 (red, Liu et al.^[27])

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表 1 沉积物粒级组成、SIRM值及其对全样SIRM值的贡献比例

Tab. 1 Particle size compositions, SIRM of particle size fractions, and their respective contributions to bulk SIRM

分区样品		各粒级百分含量/%				SIRM/ (×10^–6Am²·kg^–1)					对全样SIRM贡献/%
分区样品		< 16 μm	16 ~ 32 μm	32 ~ 63 μm	> 63 μm	< 16 μm	16 ~ 32 μm	32 ~ 63 μm	> 63 μm	全样	< 16 μm	16 ~ 32 μm	32 ~ 63 μm	> 63 μm
A	S1	1	3	14	82	6398	7566	12715	2714	4369	1.6	5.9	40.7	51.8
	S2	19	32	8	41	7750	6411	8790	4055	5994	25.5	34.4	12	28.2
	S6	6	3	9	82	12829	14552	28929	6578	9711	7.9	4.8	28.7	58.5
	S7	1	1	1	97	10888	9729	30083	6692	6884	1.4	0.9	3.4	94.4
	S9	0	1	4	95	11541	63166	36218	4350	6559	0.8	7.4	25.1	66.7
B	S3	29	36	8	27	6691	6030	8030	4978	5809	32.1	36.1	9.6	22.2
	S4	23	41	10	26	9817	7179	6936	7543	7814	28.8	37.2	8.7	25.3
	S5	29	35	17	19	6531	5894	5800	6469	5948	30.8	33.7	15.7	19.8
	S8	51	11	4	34	6412	7799	16194	14555	7622	33.4	8.9	6.4	51.3
	S10	50	36	9	5	9033	5827	6803	10949	7872	57.7	26.9	8.1	7.3
	S17	83	12	3	2	5829	3862	3085	4212	5415	88.2	8.5	1.9	1.4
	S20	74	15	9	2	6068	3335	2342	3047	5147	85.6	8.8	4.2	1.4
C	S11	53	7	4	36	3844	2397	4829	4394	3635	51.6	4.5	4.3	39.6
	S12	8	2	1	89	4808	4601	5932	4400	4263	8.4	2.3	1.5	87.7
	S14	57	17	7	19	3947	3636	3673	2600	3594	62.2	17.2	6.8	13.8
	S15	0	0	0	100	0	0	0	4462	4100	0	0	0	100
	S18	34	6	6	54	5302	4653	7374	3025	3851	42.7	6.5	11.3	39.5
	S21	25	5	5	65	5548	6375	8710	3332	4101	31.8	7.5	9.3	51.4
	S13	54	10	3	33	4761	4001	4804	5219	4440	53.3	8.3	3.1	35.3
	S16	13	4	3	80	4141	3618	5530	3763	3554	14.4	3.8	4.1	77.6
D	S19	9	3	2	86	4021	3202	6322	2800	2756	12.3	3.2	4.7	79.8
D	S22	15	7	9	69	3921	3192	3129	1510	1977	27.0	10.6	13.7	48.8

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