Vessel characteristics and the density-size relationship of woody plantsat the Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden
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摘要: 以上海市辰山植物园85种常见木本植物为研究对象, 通过解剖木质部结构, 分析了枝条导管特征在不同生活型物种间的差异及其系统发育信号, 揭示了导管密度-大小权衡关系在不同生活型物种间的差异. 结果表明: ①常绿木本植物的导管直径((28.55 ± 8.84) μm)和导管占比(8.7% ± 2.89%)均显著小于落叶木本植物导管直径((35.81 ± 13.92) μm)和导管占比(12.7% ± 4.82%), 而导管密度在常绿((149.3 ± 75.62) N/mm2)和落叶((164.5 ± 154.28) N/mm2)木本植物之间则无显著差异; 乔木的导管直径((35.86 ± 13.5) μm)显著大于灌木((26.24 ± 8.84) μm), 导管占比和密度在乔木(12.09% ± 5.01%, (151.9 ± 142.73) N/mm2)和灌木(10.59% ± 2.99%, (208.7 ± 126.37) N/mm2)之间则无显著差异. ②导管直径、导管密度存在显著的系统发育信号, 且导管密度信号大于导管直径, 导管占比则无明显的谱系信号存在. ③标准化主轴估计分析表明, 导管密度-大小权衡关系普遍存在, 不同生活型植物具有相同的斜率系数(k = –0.89, 95%的置信区间CI 为 –0.98 ~ –0.79), 但常绿乔木的纵截距显著小于落叶乔木, 即相同导管密度下落叶乔木比常绿乔木具有更大的导管直径.Abstract: In this study, we measured the branch xylem structure of 85 woody plant species at the Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden to compare vessel characteristics among different life forms and check their phylogenetic signals. The trade-off between vessel density and vessel size was subsequently compared among different life forms. The results showed that: ① The vessel diameter ((28.55 ± 8.84) μm) and vessel ratio (8.7% ± 2.89%) of evergreen woody plants were significantly smaller than the vessel diameter ((35.81 ± 13.92) μm) and vessel ratio (12.7% ± 4.82%) of deciduous woody plants; meanwhile, there was no significant difference observed in the vessel density between evergreen plants ((149.3 ± 75.62) N/mm2) and deciduous plants ((164.5 ± 154.28) N/mm2). The vessel diameter of trees ((35.86 ± 13.5) μm) was significantly larger than that of shrubs ((26.24 ± 8.84) μm), but there was no significant difference observed in the vessel ratio and vessel density between trees (12.09% ± 5.01%; (151.9 ± 142.73) N/mm2) and shrubs (10.59% ± 2.99%; (208.7 ± 126.37) N/mm2). ② There were significant phylogenetic signals observed in vessel diameter and vessel density, and the signal of vessel density was larger than that of vessel diameter. There was, however, no obvious phylogenetic signal in the vessel ratio. ③ The standardized major axis test indicated that the trade-off between vessel density and vessel size existed in all life forms, with a common slope coefficient of –0.89 and a 95% confidence interval (–0.98 ~ –0.79). However, the intercept of evergreen trees was significantly smaller than that of deciduous trees, suggesting that deciduous trees have a larger vessel diameter than evergreen trees for a given vessel density.
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Key words:
- plant functional traits /
- vessel traits /
- life form /
- density-size trade-offs /
- phylogeny
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图 1 植物枝条木质部解剖图
注: 未被染色且分布具有一定规律的白色空腔即为导管.
Fig. 1 Anatomical section of the xylem of twigs
图 2 常绿植物与落叶植物导管性状比较
注: 字母不同表示有显著差异, 字母相同表示无显著差异.
Fig. 2 Comparison of vessel characteristics between evergreen and deciduous plants
图 3 乔木与灌木导管性状比较
注: 字母不同表示有显著差异, 字母相同表示无显著差异.
Fig. 3 Comparison of vessel characteristics between trees and shrubs
图 5 不同生活型导管密度-大小关系的标准化主轴估计结果
Fig. 5 Relationship between vessel density and vessel size among different life forms based on SMA analysis
表 1 导管性状指标
Tab. 1 Characteristics of vessels
功能性状 指标缩写 性状解释 单位 导管直径 DV 导管的平均直径 μm 导管占比 RV 导管占观察区域总面积的比例 % 导管密度 ρ 单位面积导管数 N/mm2 
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表 2 3个导管性状系统发育信号的检测结果
Tab. 2 The phylogenetic signal of three vessel characteristics
功能性状 性状平均值 K 值 p 值 导管直径(DV) 34.3 μm 0.32 0.012 导管占比(RV) 11.8% 0.09 0.538 导管密度(ρ) 161.3 N/mm2 0.58 0.001
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