Changes in water quality and land use structure in the green-belt area around Shanghai
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摘要: 选取了上海环城绿带中30个水体, 以现场实测数据和解译的缓冲区土地利用类型为基础, 综合运用马尔科夫转移矩阵和相关性分析, 揭示了环城绿带的土地利用变化规律及其与水质的响应关系. 结果显示: 绿带水体历年以Ⅳ类—劣Ⅴ类为主, 劣Ⅴ类水体占比呈逐年下降的趋势; 缓冲区内以建设用地、林地和草地为主, 三者合计占比约84.37%; 以建设用地的减少和裸地增加为主, 两者分别占总减少面积的48.95%和总增加面积的50.85%; 在300 m缓冲区尺度上, 草地对DO、Chla呈现正效应; 在500 m尺度上, 裸地是引起CODMn恶化的主要因素, 而耕地在两个尺度均与多个污染指标呈正相关.Abstract: In this paper, we study land use change and its effects on water quality for 30 water bodies in the green-belt area of Shanghai; the analysis is based on the Markov transfer matrix and Pearson correlation analysis of field data and interpreted land use types. The results show that: the water quality is dominated by Grade Ⅳ and lower Grade Ⅴ; the proportion of water bodies with lower Grade Ⅴ is decreasing year by year; the buffer zone is dominated by construction land, forest, and grassland, with a total proportion of about 84.37%; the increase in construction land and decrease in bare land, accounted for 48.95% of the total reduced area and 50.85% of the total increased area, respectively; on the 300 m buffer scale, grassland had a positive effect on DO and Chla; on the 500 m scale, bare land was the main factor for CODMn deterioration; and cultivated land was positively correlated with multiple pollution indicators at two scales.
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图 1 环城绿带水体30个监测点及500 m缓冲区分布
Fig. 1 Distribution of 30 monitoring points and the 500 m buffer zone in the green-belt area around the city
图 2 绿带水体30个监测点8项水质参数分布
Fig. 2 Distribution of 8 water quality indicators across 30 monitoring points in the green-belt area
图 3 环城绿带水体内梅罗综合污染指数分布
Fig. 3 Distribution of the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index in the water body of the green-belt area around the city
图 4 2017年监测点500 m缓冲区内各类用地占比
Fig. 4 Proportion of different land use types in the 500 m buffer zone at the monitoring points in 2017
图 5 2019年监测点500 m缓冲区内各类用地占比
Fig. 5 Proportion of different land use types in the 500 m buffer zone at the monitoring points in 2019
图 6 300 m及500 m缓冲区土地利用类型与水质的相关性
Fig. 6 Correlation between land use types and water quality in the 300 m and 500 m buffer zones
表 1 土地利用转移矩阵
Tab. 1 Land use transition matrix
T2 Pi+ 减少 A1 A2 … An T1 A1 P11 P12 … P1n P1+ P1+ – P11 A2 P21 P22 … P2n P2+ P2+ – P22 … … … … … … … An Pn1 Pn2 … Pnn Pn+ Pn+ – Pnn P+j P+1 P+2 … P+n P1 P1 增加 P+1 – P11 P+2 – P22 … P+n – Pnn 注: T1、T2 分别代表地类现状的前后时期, 以转移面积为例, $ {A}_{i} $表示第 i 类土地利用类型; $ {P}_{ij} $为 T1 时 i 类土地类型转移到 T2 时 j 类土地类型的面积; $ {P}_{i+} $($ {P}_{+j} $)表示 T1(T2) 时期第 i(j) 类土地类型总面积; $ {P}_{i+}-{P}_{ii} $($ {P}_{+j}-{P}_{ii} $)表示第 i (j ) 类土地利用类型减少(增加)的面积. 
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表 2 2017年和2019年缓冲区内土地利用类型面积及占比
Tab. 2 Area and proportion of land use types in the buffer zone in 2017 and 2019
土地类型 2017年 2019年 面积/km2 占比/% 面积/km2 占比/% 草地 1720269 7.30 2508983 10.65 耕地 623339 2.64 330141 1.40 建设用地 11844513 50.26 11444930 48.57 林地 6067225 25.74 6184296 26.24 裸地 1356707 5.76 1034039 4.39 水体 1956257 8.30 2063604 8.76
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表 3 2017年和2019年环城绿带水体500 m缓冲区内土地利用变化转移矩阵
Tab. 3 Transfer matrix of land use change in the 500 m buffer zone of the green-belt area around the city in 2017 and 2019
单位: m2 2019 总计 减少 草地 耕地 建设用地 林地 裸地 水体 2017 草地 1116497 0 373337 20019 0 18491 1528344 411848 耕地 9866 550987 18520 54508 169914 4933 808729 257742 建设用地 105499 11170 10392226 11170 1881597 8688 12410350 2018125 林地 563351 0 50440 5397112 12762 54087 6077752 680640 裸地 368534 0 183300 1208 250709 1691 805443 554733 水体 92594 0 72641 2131 32350 1737583 1937298 199715 总计 2256340 562157 11090465 5486149 2347332 1825473 23567916 新增 1139844 11170 698239 89037 2096623 87890
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