Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Mongolia and China 70 years ago, bilateral cooperation has developed from a simple exchange of commodities to multiple fields of cooperation spanning the economy, trade, and industry; with this change, the exchange of culture and people has increased in size and frequency. In recent years, the leaders of both sides have emphasized that the comprehensive strategic partnership between Mongolia and China is at its best point in history. The cultural exchange and cooperation between Mongolia and China are an important part of the comprehensive strategic partnership between the two countries. In November 2015, the Joint Statement of Mongolia and the People’s Republic of China on Deepening the Development of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership proposed that the two sides will study and establish a Mongolian-Chinese Common Committee for humanities exchange, comprehensively promote cooperation in the field of cultural exchange and humanities between the two countries, and consolidate the basis of friendship between their respective citizens. In December 2017, the foreign ministers of Mongolia and China issued a joint press release, which stated that the two sides agreed to actively carry out exchanges spanning culture, education, science and technology, sports, tourism, youth, and other fields in order to enhance mutual understanding and trust. In early 2018, the first meeting of the Mongolian-Chinese Common Committee on Humanities Exchange was co-chaired in Beijing. The two sides reached consensus on a number of issues and signed meeting minutes. This paper tries to analyze possible shortcomings of the two sides in the cultural and humanities exchange from the perspective of Mongolian-Chinese cultural cooperation. Further, the paper offers some suggestions to enhance the comprehensive strategic partnership between the two sides.