Community structure and biodiversity of birds in Tuohu Nature Reserve, Anhui Province
-
摘要: 2008年4月~2009年5月,采用样线法对沱湖自然保护区的鸟类物种多样性进行了调查,共记录有鸟类13目33科69种,其中国家Ⅰ类保护鸟类2种、国家Ⅱ类保护鸟类6种、安徽省地方重点保护鸟类31种.69种鸟类中古北界鸟类42种(62.0%),东洋界鸟类6种(8.5%).69种鸟类中留鸟有12种,占鸟类总数的16.9%;侯鸟57种,占83.1%.生物多样性指数为1.26,不同季节和生境有明显的变化,水草滩涂和丛林是鸟类栖息的主要生境,不同生境中鸟类多样性指数(H)表现为滩涂(1.368 1)丛林(1.258 6)农田(0.805 9)水域(0.739 0)居民区(0.642 0) ;均匀性指数(E)表现为水域(0.380 0)滩涂(0.376 1)丛林(0.360 0)人工湿地(0.314 2)居民区(0.267 7).沱湖是众多水鸟的越冬地和迁移途中停歇地,在淮河流域湿地水鸟保护中具有重要的地位和作用,自然环境恶化和人类活动是该地区水鸟面临的主要威胁.Abstract: During April 2008 to May 2009, a sysmetic bird community survey was conducted in Tuohu Nature Reserve, Anhui Province, China. A total of 69 species belonging to 13 orders 33 families were recorded, of which 42 species belong to Palaeartic birds (62.0%), and 6 species to Oriental (8.5%). The species of Paleartic are dominant, and in terms of migration 12 species (16.9%) are residents, while 57 species (83.1%) are migratory birds,of which 2 species are in the national grade-one protection list, 6 species in the national grade-two protection list ,and 31 species in Anhui provincial protection list. The bird species diversity shows clear seasonal variation. The management of the protection of the birds, as well as local resources, is also discussed in this paper. Bird diversity index varies with seasons and the living environment. The data shows that diversity index of the habitat of mire is the maximum (1.368 1), and next to it is the habitat of forest (1.258 6), farmland (0.805 9) and water body (0.739 0). However, the habitat of residential area is the minimum (0.642 0). The evenness index of water habitat (0.380 0) is the maximum, and next to it is that of the mire (0.376 1), forest (0.360 0) and farmland (0.314 2). After all, the index of residential area is the minimum (0.267 7). In Huaihe River Basin, Tuohu Lake survives the winter and thus serves as an important route in the migration for the multitudinous waterfowls on the way, and the function of this basin wetland waterfowl protection. The results indicate that the water birds are facing the threats from the environmental degradation and human activity in the area.
-
Key words:
- Tuohu Nature Reserve /
- bird /
- community structure /
- biodiversity
-
[1] [1] SERGIO F, NEWTON I, MARCHESI L. Ecologically justified charisma: preservation of top predators delivers biodiversity conservation[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 43(6): 1049-1055.[2] 方文珍,陈小麟,陈志鸿,等. 厦门滨海湿地鸟类群落多样性研究[J] . 厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2004,43(1): 133-137.FANG W Z,CHEN X L,CHEN Z H, et al. The study on bird community diversity along the Xiamen Coastal Wetland[J]. Journal of Xiamen University: Natural Science, 2004, 43(1): 133-137.[3] 王强,吕宪国.鸟类在湿地生态系统监测与评价中的应用[J].湿地科学,2007,5(3):274-281.WANG Q, L X G. Application of water bird to monitor and evaluate wetland ecosystem[J]. Wetland Science, 2007, 5(3): 274-281.[4] 施葵初. 安徽湿地[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2003.SHI K C. Wetlands in Anhui[M]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology Publishing House, 2003.[5] 李万莲.安徽省五河沱湖湿地自然保护区生态旅游开发探讨[J],特区经济,2007(4): 186-188.LI W L. Study ecotourism and exploitation of Tuohu Lake Nature Reserve in Anhui Province[J]. Special Zone Economy, 2007(4): 186-188.[6] 高林,王松.沱湖湿地水生维管植物[J].中国林副特产, 2007, 2(87):61-64.GAO L, WANG S. Vascular plant resources of the Tuohu Lake[J]. Forest By-Product and Speciality in China, 2007, 2(87): 61-64.[7] 张雷雷,鲍方印,康健.安徽沱湖自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源调查[J]. 四川动物,2007(4): 819-821.ZHANG L L, BAO F Y, KANG J. Investigation on amphibians and reptiles in Tuohu Nature Reserve,Wuhe County, Anhui Province[J]. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 2007(4): 819-821.[8] 王松,高林,徐如松,等. 淮河流域(安徽段)湿地资源现状、问题及保护对策[J]. 华中师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2009,43(2): 303-307WANG S,GAO L,XU R S, et al. The current situation, existing problems and protection countermeasures of wetland resources in Huaihe River Basin in Anhui[J]. Journal of Central China Normal University: Natural Sciences, 2009,43(2): 303-307.[9] 王松,鲍方印,郑文,等. 淮河流域(安徽段)重要湿地鸟类多样性[J]. 华中师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,43(4):652-659.WANG S,BAO F Y,ZHENG W, et al. Biodiversity on birds of important wetlands in Huaihe river basin in Anhui, China [J]. Journal of Central China Normal University: Natural Sciences, 2009, 43(4): 652-659.[10] 栾晓峰, 徐玲, 徐宏发,等.上海郊区冬季鸟类群落特征及多样性研究[J] . 华东师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2002(4): 75-81.LUAN X F, XU L, XU H F, et al. The study of avian community and species diversity in Shanghai suburb area in winter[J] . Journal o f East China Normal University: Natural Science, 2002(4): 75-81.[11] 吴少斌,方平,韩宗先,等. 涪陵区春季鸟类群落及其对于区域生态保护的意义[J] . 华东师范大学学报: 自然科学版, 2010(2): 26-32.WU S B, FANG P, HAN Z X, et al. Spring avian community characteristics in Fuling and its ecological perspective for regional reserve[J] . Journal of East China Normal University: Natural Science, 2010(2): 26-32.[12] HOWES J. Shorebird Studies Manual [M]. Kuala Lumpur: AWB Publication, 1989: 143-147.[13] SHANNON E, WEAVER W. The Mathematical Theory of Communication [M]. London: The University of Illinois Press, 1949.[14] PIELOU E C. An Introduction to Mathematical Ecology [M]. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1969: 125-127.[15] 蒋志刚,纪力强. 鸟兽物种多样性测度的G-F方法[J]. 生物多样性,1999, 7(3): 220-225.JIANG Z G, JI L Q. Avian-mammalian species diversity in nine represent ativesites in China[J]. Chinese Biodiversity, 1999, 7(3): 220-225.[16] 郑光美,王岐山. 中国濒危动物红皮书——鸟类[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1998.ZHENG G M, WANG Q S. China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals (Aves) [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1998.[17] 国家林业局. 国家保护的有益的或者有重要经济、科学研究价值的陆生动物名录[J]. 野生动物, 2000, 21(5): 49-82.State Forestry Administration, P.R.China. The protected land-lives-animal catalogue of beneficial, importantly economical, or the scientific research value [J].Chinese Wildlife, 2000, 21(5) : 49-82.[18] DESGRANGES J L, INGRAM J, DROLET B. Modeling wetland bird response to water level changes in the Lake Ontario St.Lawrence River hydro system [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2006, 113(3): 329-365.[19] 方文珍,陈志鸿,林清贤,等. 厦门海滨湿地鸟类的研究(1999-2000) [J] .厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2002, 41(5): 653-658.FANG W Z, CHEN Z H, LIN Q X, et al. The avian fauna of the Xiamen Coastline Wetland, southeast of China (1999-2000) [J]. Journal of Xiamen University: Natural Science, 2002, 41(5): 653-658.[20] 陈志鸿,陈小麟,林清贤.厦门海滨湿地鸟类多样性及其栖息地保护[J].厦门科技, 2006(3): 35-37.CHEN Z H, CHEN X L, LIN Q X. The study on bird community diversity and habitat selection along the Xiamen Coastal Wetland [J]. Xiamen Science & Technology, 2006(3): 35-37.[21] 吕宪国,陈克林.中国水禽及其栖息地的保护与管理[J].野生动物,1997, 18(3): 10-13.L X G, CHEN K L. Waterfowls and their habitat protection in China[J].Chinese Wildlife, 1997,18(3): 10-13.[22] 江红星, 徐文彬, 钱法文,等. 栖息地演变与人为干扰对升金湖越冬水鸟的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2007, 18(8): 1832-1836.JIANG H X, XU W B, QIAN F W, et al. Impact of habitat evolvement and human disturbance on wintering water birds in Shengjin Lake of Anhui Province, China[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 18(8): 1832-1836.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 3003
- HTML全文浏览量: 23
- PDF下载量: 2086
- 被引次数: 0